<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inbure</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Инвестиции. Строительство. Недвижимость</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-2917</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-154X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/2227-2917-2024-3-580-591</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RBCPJA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inbure-256</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONSTRUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние литодинамики береговой зоны на безопасность эксплуатации железнодорожного полотна на участке Туапсе–Адлер Северо-Кавказской железной дороги</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of lithodynamics of coastal area on the safety of railway operation on the Tuapse-Adler section of the North Caucasus Railway</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-9014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тлявлина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tlyavlina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тлявлина Галина Вячеславовна, к.т.н., заведующий лабораторией моделирования, расчетов и нормирования в гидротехническом строительстве, докторант кафедры мосты и тоннели</p><p>Author ID: 604630 </p><p>354002, г. Сочи, ул. Яна Фабрициуса, 1 </p><p>354002, г. Сочи, ул. Яна Фабрициуса, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Tlyavlina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Laboratory of Modeling, Calculations and Standardization in Hydraulic Engineering</p><p>Author ID: 604630 </p><p>1, Yana Fabritciusa St., Sochi 354002 </p><p>9 building, 9 Obraztsova St., Moscow 127994 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TlyavlinaGV@Tsniis.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-0492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тлявлин</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tlyavlin</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тлявлин Роман Маратович, к.т.н., заместитель генерального директора;  руководитель </p><p>Author ID: 123325 </p><p>354002, г. Сочи, ул. Яна Фабрициуса, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman M. Tlyavlin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the R&amp;D Centre</p><p>Author ID: 123325 </p><p>1, Yana Fabritciusa St., Sochi 354002 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TlyavlinRM@Tsniis.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашпиз</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashpiz</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ашпиз Евгений Самуилович, д.т.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой путь и путевое хозяйство</p><p>Author ID: 169354 </p><p>127994, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, д. 9, ст. 9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenij S. Ashpiz, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Department Railway Track and Facilities</p><p>Author ID: 169354 </p><p>9, B. 9 Obraztsova St., Moscow 127994 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">geonika@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт транспортного строительства, Обособленное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский центр “Морские берега”» ; Российский университет транспорта (МИИТ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research institute of Transport Construction, R&amp;D Centre «Morskie berega» ; Russian University of Transport (MIIT)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт транспортного строительства, Обособленное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский центр “Морские берега”»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research institute of Transport Construction, R&amp;D Centre «Morskie berega»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет транспорта (МИИТ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Transport (MIIT)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>580</fpage><lpage>591</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тлявлина Г.В., Тлявлин Р.М., Ашпиз Е.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тлявлина Г.В., Тлявлин Р.М., Ашпиз Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tlyavlina G.V., Tlyavlin R.M., Ashpiz E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inbure.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/256">https://inbure.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/256</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей работе рассмотрена проблема защиты от размыва волнами железнодорожного полотна на участке Туапсе–Адлер Северо-Кавказской железной дороги (побережье Черного моря). Целью данной работы является оценка влияния литодинамики береговой зоны на безопасность эксплуатации железнодорожного полотна на данном участке. Описываются литодинамические процессы в береговой зоне моря. На примере конкретного участка берега (1907–1910 км) показано влияние строительства берегозащитных сооружений на литодинамику в целом, и на смежные участки. Представлен ретроспективный анализ поэтапного строительства наносоудерживающих сооружений, морских бун, без полноценной отсыпки пляжеобразующего материала в межбунные отсеки. По результатам обследования и анализа спутниковых снимков участка берега от 1907 км до 1910 км в пределах перегона Водопадный–Лазаревское были сделаны выводы о том, что интенсивное строительство берегозащитных сооружений на участке, которое велось без должного учета процессов литодинамики, привело к размывам пляжа и аварийному состоянию подпорно-волноотбойных стен от 1909 км до 1910 км. Предлагаемые рекомендации позволят выполнять строительство сооружений инженерной защиты железнодорожного полотна с учетом литодинамических процессов, что повысит безопасность эксплуатации железнодорожного пути.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present paper considers the railroad bed on the Tuapse-Adler section of the North Caucasus Railway (Black Sea coast) in terms of its protection from wave scouring. Aim. To evaluate the influence of coastal lithodynamics on the safety of the railway operation on the section under consideration. The paper describes lithodynamic processes in the sea coastal zone and demonstrates the influence of coastal protection structures produced on lithodynamics in general and on adjacent sections, as exemplified by a specific section of the coast (1907–1910 km). The study involves a retrospective analysis of the step-by-step construction of trapping structures, and sea groins without full-fledged dumping of beach-forming material into the inter-groin compartments. The investigation and analysis of satellite images of 1907–1910 km coast within the Vodopadny-Lazarevskoye section indicate that lithodynamic processes remained unconsidered during the intensive construction of bank protection structures, which led to the beach erosion and the emergency condition of the seawalls along 1909–1910 km section. The paper provides recommendations for considering lithodynamic processes in the construction of railway protection structures, thereby increasing the safety of the railway operation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>берегозащитные сооружения</kwd><kwd>железнодорожный путь</kwd><kwd>земляное полотно</kwd><kwd>инженерная защита</kwd><kwd>литодинамические процессы</kwd><kwd>обследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coastal protection structures</kwd><kwd>engineering protection</kwd><kwd>inspection</kwd><kwd>lithodynamic processes</kwd><kwd>railway track</kwd><kwd>roadbed</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashpiz E., Savin A., Tlyavlin R., Tlyavlina G. Urgent Issues of Anti-Deformation Measures to Protect Coastal Railways // Proceedings of the 14th MEDCOAST Congress on Coastal and Marine Sciences, Engineering, Management and Conservation (Marmaris, 22–26 October 2019). Marmaris, 2019. Vol. 2. p. 841–852. EDN: JWHEBE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashpiz E., Savin A., Tlyavlin R., Tlyavlina G. Urgent Issues of Anti-Deformation Measures to Protect Coastal Railways. In: Proceedings of the 14th MEDCOAST Congress on Coastal and Marine Sciences, Engineering, Management and Conservation. 22–26 October 2019, Marmaris. Marmaris; 2019. Vol. 2. p. 841–852. EDN: JWHEBE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тлявлина Г.В. Научное обоснование нормативной базы по проектированию защиты транспортных сооружений от гидродинамических воздействий естественной водной среды. М.: Экон-Информ, 2023. 173 с. EDN: IMBNHK.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tlyavlina G.V. Scientific Justification of the Regulatory Framework for The Design of Protection of Transport Structures from Hydrodynamic Effects of the Maritime Environment. Moscow: Ekon-Inform, 2023. 173 p. (In Russ.). EDN: IMBNHK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Powell E.J., Tyrrell M.C., Milliken A., Tirpak J.M., Staudinger M.D. A Review of Coastal Management Approaches to Support the Integration of Ecological and Human Community Planning for Climate Change // Journal of Coastal Conservation. 2019. Vol. 23. Iss. 1. P. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-018-0632-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Powell E.J., Tyrrell M.C., Milliken A., Tirpak J.M., Staudinger M.D. A Review of Coastal Management Approaches to Support the Integration of Ecological and Human Community Planning for Climate Change. Journal of Coastal Conservation. 2019;23(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-018-0632-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rangel-Buitrago N., Neal W.J., De Jonge V.N. Risk Assessment as Tool for Coastal Erosion Management // Ocean and Coastal Management. 2020. Vol. 186. P. 105088–105099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rangel-Buitrago N., Neal W.J., De Jonge V.N. Risk Assessment as Tool for Coastal Erosion Management. Ocean and Coastal Management. 2020;186:105088-105099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тлявлина Г.В. Лабораторные и натурные исследования в обеспечение развития нормативной базы и безопасности транспортных сооружений в условиях волнового воздействия // Транспортные сооружения. 2022. Т. 9. № 4. С. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.15862/10SATS422. EDN: JVREME.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tlyavlina G.V. Laboratory and Field Studies to Ensure the Regulatory Framework Development and The Transport Facilities' Safety in The Wave Effect Conditions. Russian Journal of Transport Engineering. 2022;9(4):1-19. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15862/10SATS422. EDN: JVREME.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stokes K., Poate T., Masselink G., King E., Saulter A., Ely N. Forecasting Coastal Overtopping at Engineered and Naturally Defended Coastlines // Coastal Engineering. 2021. Vol. 164. P. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103827.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stokes K., Poate T., Masselink G., King E., Saulter A., Ely N. Forecasting Coastal Overtopping at Engineered and Naturally Defended Coastlines. Coastal Engineering. 2021;164:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103827.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sancho F. Evaluation of Coastal Protection Strategies at Costa da Caparica (Portugal): Nourishments and Structural Interventions // Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2023. Vol. 11. Iss. 6. P. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sancho F. Evaluation of Coastal Protection Strategies at Costa da Caparica (Portugal): Nourishments and Structural Interventions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2023;11(6):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saengsupavanich Ch. Flaws in Coastal Erosion Vulnerability Assessment: Physical and Geomorphological Parameters // Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021. Vol. 15. Iss. 57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09368-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saengsupavanich Ch. Flaws in Coastal Erosion Vulnerability Assessment: Physical and Geomorphological Parameters. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021;15(57). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09368-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелушинин Ю.А., Петров В.А. Мониторинг береговых процессов на Черноморском побережье Краснодарского края между Туапсе и Адлером // Экология. Экономика. Информатика. Серия: Геоинформационные технологии и космический мониторинг. 2019. № 4. С. 181–185. https://doi.org/10.23885/2500-123X-2019-2-4-181-185. EDN: NRDFML.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelushinin Yu.A., Petrov V.A. Monitoring The Condition of Beaches at The Black Sea Coast of Krasnodar Region. Ekologiya. Ekonomika. Informatika. Seriya: Geoinformatsionnye tekhnologii i kosmicheskii monitoring. 2019;4:181-185. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.23885/2500-123X-2019-2-4-181-185. EDN: NRDFML.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров В.А. Волногасящие галечные пляжи. М.: Экон-Информ, 2021. 295 с. EDN: NSTOJW.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov V.A. Wave Dampening Pebble Beaches. Moscow: Ekon-Inform, 2021. 295 p. (In Russ.). EDN: NSTOJW.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров В.А., Ярославцев Н.А. Сток влекомых наносов рек Черноморского побережья Краснодарского края // Геоэкология. Инженерная геология, гидрогеология, геокриология. 2021. № 3. С. 19–28. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869780921030073. EDN: SEKVOT.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov V.A., Yaroslavtsev N.A. Runoff of Carried River Sediments at The Black Sea Coast, Krasnodar Region. Geoekologiya. Inzhenernaya geologiya, gidrogeologiya, geokriologiya. 2021;3:19-28. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869780921030073. EDN: SEKVOT.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелушинин Ю.А., Петров В.А. Динамика пляжей участка Черноморского побережья России 1956– 2018 гг. // Закономерности формирования и воздействия морских, атмосферных опасных явлений и катастроф на прибрежную зону РФ в условиях глобальных климатических и индустриальных вызовов(«Опасные явления»): материалы Междунар. науч. конф. (г. Ростов-на-Дону, 13–23 июня 2019 г.). Ростов-на-Дону, 2019. С. 217–221. EDN: WTBAEQ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelushinin Yu.A., Petrov V.A. Dynamics of Beaches of the Black Sea Coast of Russia Over The 1956– 2018. In: Zakonomernosti formirovaniya i vozdeistviya morskikh, atmosfernykh opasnykh yavlenii i katastrof na pribrezhnuyu zonu RF v usloviyakh global'nykh klimaticheskikh i industrial'nykh vyzovov («Opasnye yavleniya»): materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii = Patterns of Formation and Impact of Marine, Atmospheric Hazardous Phenomena and Disasters on The Coastal Zone of The Russian Federation in The Context of Global Climatic and Industrial Challenges (“Hazardous Phenomena”): Materials of The International Scientific Conference. 13–23 June 2019, Rostov-on-Don. Rostov-on-Don; 2019. p. 217–221. (In Russ.). EDN: WTBAEQ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров В.А., Ярославцев Н.А. Оценка величины вдольберегового потока наносов в литодинамических системах (на примере участка берега между Туапсе и Адлером) // Геоэкология. Инженерная геология, гидрогеология, геокриология. 2020. № 4. С. 60–67. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869780920040074. EDN: XZJJYA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov V.A., Yaroslavtsev N.A. Evaluation of Longshore Transport of Sediments in Lithodynamic Systems (By The Example of the Coast Section Between Tuapse and Adler). Geoekologiya. Inzhenernaya geologiya, gidrogeologiya, geokriologiya. 2020;4:60-67. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869780920040074. EDN: XZJJYA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lira-Loarca A., Cáceres-Euse A., De-Leo F., Besio G. Wave Modeling with Unstructured Mesh for Hindcast, Forecast and Wave Hazard Applications in The Mediterranean Sea // Applied Ocean Research. 2022. Vol. 122. P. 103110–103118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2022.103118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lira-Loarca A., Cáceres-Euse A., De-Leo F., Besio G. Wave Modeling with Unstructured Mesh for Hindcast, Forecast and Wave Hazard Applications in The Mediterranean Sea. Applied Ocean Research. 2022;122:103110-103118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2022.103118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Finis S., Romano A., Bellotti G. Numerical and Laboratory Analysis of Post-Overtopping Wave Impacts On a Storm Wall for A Dike-Promenade Structure // Coastal Engineering. 2020. Vol. 155. P. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.103598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Finis S., Romano A., Bellotti G. Numerical and Laboratory Analysis of Post-Overtopping Wave Impacts On a Storm Wall for A Dike-Promenade Structure. Coastal Engineering. 2020;155:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.103598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiqiu Chen, Marconi A., van Gent M.R.A., Warmink J.J., Hulscher S.J.M.H. Experimental Study on the Influence of Berms and Roughness on Wave Overtopping at Rock-Armoured Dikes // Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 8. Iss. 6. P. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060446.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiqiu Chen, Marconi A., van Gent M.R.A., Warmink J.J., Hulscher S.J.M.H. Experimental Study on the In-fluence of Berms and Roughness on Wave Overtopping at Rock-Armoured Dikes. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020;8(6):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060446.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Финагенов О.М., Штильман В.Б., Шульман С.Г., Юделевич А.М. Развитие методов оценки надежности гидротехнических сооружений // Известия Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института гидротехники им. Б.Е. Веденеева. 2021. Т. 300. С. 7–20. EDN: IANMJK.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finagenov O.M., Shtilman V.B., Shulman S.G., Yudelevich A.M. Development of Methods for Assessing the Reliability of Hydraulic Structures. Izvestiya Vserossiiskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo instituta gidrotekhniki im. B.E. Vedeneeva. 2021;300:7-20. (In Russ.). EDN: IANMJK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Седнев В.А. Оценка факторов, влияющих на организацию защиты населения в зонах возможного катастрофического затопления // Проблемы безопасности и чрезвычайных ситуаций. 2021. № 1. С. 73– 82. https://doi.org/10.36535/0869-4176-2021-01-10. EDN: RLTTOA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sednev V.A. Assessment of Factors That Affect the Organization Protection of the Population in Areas of Possible Catastrophic Flooding. Problemy bezopasnosti i chrezvychainykh situatsii. 2021;1:73-82. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.36535/0869-4176-2021-01-10. EDN: RLTTOA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qin Chen, Lixia Wang, Haihong Zhao, Douglass S.L. Prediction of Storm Surges and Wind Waves on Coastal Highways in Hurricane-Prone Areas // Journal of Coastal Research. 2007. Vol. 95. Iss. 5. P. 1304– 1317. https://doi.org/10.2112/05-0465.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qin Chen, Lixia Wang, Haihong Zhao, Douglass S.L. Prediction of Storm Surges and Wind Waves on Coastal Highways in Hurricane-Prone Areas. Journal of Coastal Research. 2007;95(5):1304-1317. https://doi.org/10.2112/05-0465.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тлявлин Р.М. Оценка технического состояния волногасящих сооружений инженерной защиты земляного полотна от волнового воздействия // Известия Петербургского университета путей сообщения. 2020. Т. 17. № 2. С. 198–209. https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2020-2-198-209. EDN: TWPLCB.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tlyavlin R.M. Assessment of The Technical Condition of Wave Canceling Structures for Engineering Protection of Roadbeds from Wave Exposure. Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University. 2020;17(2):198-209. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2020-2-198-209. EDN: TWPLCB.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leont’yev I.O. Artificial Beach as A Structure for Protecting a Seacoast from Storm Surge Impact (Based On the Example of the Eastern Gulf of Finland) // Oceanology. 2019. Vol. 59. Iss. 2. P. 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437019020115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leont’yev I.O. Artificial Beach as A Structure for Protecting a Seacoast from Storm Surge Impact (Based On the Example of the Eastern Gulf of Finland). Oceanology. 2019;59(2):267-275. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437019020115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Divinsky B.V., Kosyan R.D. Bottom Sediment Suspension under Irregular Surface Wave Conditions // Oceanology. 2019. Vol. 59. Iss. 4. P. 482–490. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437019040039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Divinsky B.V., Kosyan R.D. Bottom Sediment Suspension under Irregular Surface Wave Conditions. Oceanology. 2019;59(4):482-490. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437019040039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Süme V. Shoreline Changes in Three Groin Fields On the Eastern Black Sea Coast // Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 2018. Vol. 27. Iss. 1. P. 125–131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Süme V. Shoreline Changes in Three Groin Fields On the Eastern Black Sea Coast. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 2018;27(1):125-131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кантаржи И.Г., Леонтьев И.О., Куприн А.В. Аналитические исследования динамики «карманного пляжа» // Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика. 2023. Т. 16. № 3. С. 93–105. https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2023.16(3)-7. EDN: SPDWAI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kantarzhi I.G., Leont'ev I.O., Kuprin A.V. Analytical Studies of the Dynamics of Pocket Beach. Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics. 2023;16(3):93-105. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2023.16(3)-7. EDN: SPDWAI.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolgopolova E.N. Mechanism for Sediment Transport at Tidal Estuaries Under Bore Formation // Processes in GeoMedia. Springer Geology. Springer: Cham, 2020. Vol. 1. P. 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38177-6_25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgopolova E.N. Mechanism for Sediment Transport at Tidal Estuaries Under Bore Formation. In: Processes in GeoMedia. Springer Geology. Springer: Cham, 2020. Vol. 1. p. 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38177-6_25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fomin V.V., Goryachkin Yu.N. Accounting for the Local Wave and Morphodynamic Processes in Coastal Hydraulic Engineering // Physical Oceanography. 2022. Vol. 29. Iss. 3. P. 271–290. https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160X-2022-3-271-290. EDN: WKTMVO.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomin V.V., Goryachkin Yu.N. Accounting for the Local Wave and Morphodynamic Processes in Coastal Hydraulic Engineering. Physical Oceanography. 2022;29(3):271-290. https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160X-2022-3-271-290. EDN: WKTMVO.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathew R., Winterwerp J.C. Sediment Dynamics and Transport Regimes in A Narrow Microtidal Estuary // Ocean Dynamics. 2020. Vol. 70. Iss. 4. P. 435–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-020-01345-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathew R., Winterwerp J.C. Sediment Dynamics and Transport Regimes in A Narrow Microtidal Estuary. Ocean Dynamics. 2020;70(4):435-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-020-01345-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tlyavlina G.V., Vyalyi, E.A. The Use of Natural Stone in Marine Hydraulic Engineering Construction // Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea. 2022. Iss. 2. P. 53–69. https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2022-2-53-69. EDN: AEFXHI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tlyavlina G.V., Vyalyi, E.A. The Use of Natural Stone in Marine Hydraulic Engineering Construction. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea. 2022;2:53-69. https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2022-2-53-69. EDN: AEFXHI.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осипова О.С. Анализ и оценка риска возникновения гидродинамических аварий // Биотехнологии и безопасность в техносфере: сб. материалов II Национальной науч. конф. студентов и молодых ученых (г. Санкт-Петербург, 02–03 марта 2022 г.). СПб, 2022. Т. 2. С. 33–36. EDN: KNZWKW.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osipova O.S. Analysis and Assessment of the Risk of Hydrodynamic Accidents. In: Biotekhnologii i bezopasnost' v tekhnosfere: sbornik materialov II Natsional'noi nauchnoi konferentsii studentov i molodykh uchenykh = Biotechnology and Safety in The Technosphere: Collection of Materials of The II National Scientific Conference of Students and Young Scientists. 02–03 March 2022, Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg; 2022. Vol. 2. p. 33–36. (In Russ.). EDN: KNZWKW.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савушкин С.А., Искоростинский А.И., Лемешкова А.В. Климатические причины железнодорожных аварий // ИТНОУ: Информационные технологии в науке, образовании и управлении. 2023. № 2 (21). С. 19–24. https://doi.org/10.47501/ITNOU.2023.2.19-24. EDN: FGLGGH.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savushkin S.A., Iskorostinsky A.I., Lemiashkova A.V. Climate Causes of Railway Accidents. ITNOU: Informatsionnye tekhnologii v nauke, obrazovanii i upravlenii. 2023;2(21):19-24. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.47501/ITNOU.2023.2.19-24. EDN: FGLGGH.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
