inbureИзвестия вузов. Инвестиции. Строительство. НедвижимостьIzvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost2227-29172500-154XIrkutsk National Research Technical University10.21285/2227-2917-2025-3-454-465NWKQMEinbure-349Research ArticleСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВОCONSTRUCTIONПрименение сезонной аккумуляции естественного холода в современном кондиционировании как технологии сокращения выбросов парниковых газовThe use of seasonal accumulation of natural cold in modern air conditioning as a technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissionshttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-2303-2135КоротынскаяВ. С.KorotynskayaV. S.

Коротынская Вероника Сергеевна, Аспирант, ассистент

690922, Приморский край, г. Владивосток, о. Русский, п. Аякс, 10

Author ID: 1280813

Veronika S. Korotynskaya, Postgraduate Student, Assistant

10, Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922

Author ID: 1280813

korotynskaia.vs@dvfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0955-5363ТарасоваЕ. В.TarasovaE. V.

Тарасова Елена Владимировна, к.т.н., доцент кафедры энергетических систем

690922, Приморский край, г. Владивосток, о. Русский, п. Аякс, 10

Author ID: 645392

Elena V. Tarasova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Energy Systems

10, Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922

Author ID: 645392

tarasova.ev@dvfu.ruДальневосточный федеральный университет, Политехнический институт, департамент энергетических системРоссияFar Eastern Federal University, Polytechnic Institute, Department of Energy SystemsRussian Federation202513102025153454465Copyright © Коротынская В.С., Тарасова Е.В., 20252025Коротынская В.С., Тарасова Е.В.Korotynskaya V.S., Tarasova E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://inbure.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/349

Системы кондиционирования воздуха являются одними из главных потребителей электрической энергии в теплое время года. Естественный холод для кондиционирования помещений используется с древних времен. Возможность заготовки снега и применение аккумулированного холода для различных целей в теплый сезон изучают в ряде стран, таких как США, Канада, Япония, Швеция, Норвегия, Китай. Целью статьи является обзор существующих естественных источников холода для систем кондиционирования воздуха, их классификация и анализ сокращения выбросов СО2 при использовании естественного холода для системы кондиционирования аэропорта. Обозначены два основных вида естественных источников холода: постоянного действия и аккумуляторы естественного холода. Рассмотрены классификация систем кондиционирования воздуха с сезонной аккумуляцией льда или снега, способы утепления открытых снегохранилищ. Выполнен расчет сокращения выбросов СО2 при использовании холодохранилища открытого типа в качестве источника холода для системы фанкойлов в аэропорту г. Южно-Сахалинска. Уменьшение выбросов за год составляет до 61 т СО2 за год, при установленной мощности системы охлаждения -157,4 кВт или 0,39 т на 1 кВт мощности. Таким образом, сезонная аккумуляция снега или льда является технологией, позволяющей сократить потребление энергоресурсов и уменьшить выбросы парниковых газов.

Air conditioning systems are one of the main consumers of electric energy during the warmer months. Natural cold has been used for indoor air conditioning since ancient times. The possibility of harvesting snow and using accumulated cold for various purposes during the warm season is being studied in a number of countries, such as the USA, Canada, Japan, Sweden, Norway, China. The purpose of the article is to review the existing natural sources of cold for air conditioning systems, their classification and analysis of the reduction of CO2 emissions when using natural cold for an airport air conditioning system. There are two main types of natural sources of cold: permanent action and accumulators of natural cold. The classification of air conditioning systems with seasonal accumulation of ice or snow, methods of insulation of open snow storage facilities are considered. The calculation of the reduction of CO2 emissions was performed when using an open-type cold storage facility as a source of cold for the fan coil system at the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk airport. The reduction in annual emissions is up to 61 tons of CO2 per year, with an installed cooling system capacity of 157.4 kW or 0.39 tons per 1 kW of power. Thus, seasonal accumulation of snow or ice is a technology that makes it possible to reduce energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

аккумуляция холодаснегохранилищекондиционированиеестественные источники холодаcold accumulationsnow storageair conditioningnatural sources of coldReferencesWillibald F., Kotlarski S., Ebner P.P., Bavay M., Marty C., Trentini F.V. et al. Vulnerability of Ski Tourism Towards Internal Climate Variability and Climate Change in The Swiss Alps // Science of The Total Environment. 2021. Vol. 784. P. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147054.Willibald F., Kotlarski S., Ebner P.P., Bavay M., Marty C., Trentini F.V. et al. Vulnerability of Ski Tourism Towards Internal Climate Variability and Climate Change in The Swiss Alps. Science of The Total Environment. 2021;784:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147054.Tiismus H., Maask V., Astapov V., Korotko T., Rosin A. State-of-the-Art Review of Emerging Trends in Renewable Energy Generation Technologies // IEEE Access. 2025. Vol. 13. P. 10820–10843. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3528640.Tiismus H., Maask V., Astapov V., Korotko T., Rosin A. State-of-the-Art Review of Emerging Trends in Renewable Energy Generation Technologies. IEEE Access. 2025;13:10820-10843. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3528640.Stec A., Słys D., Ogarek P., Bednarz K., Bartkowska I., Gwoździej-Mazur J. et al. Assessment of Possibilities of Using Local Renewable Resources in Road Infrastructure Facilities – A Case Study from Poland // Energies. 2024. Vol. 17. Iss. 24. P. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246351.Stec A., Słys D., Ogarek P., Bednarz K., Bartkowska I., Gwoździej-Mazur J. et al. Assessment of Possibilities of Using Local Renewable Resources in Road Infrastructure Facilities – A Case Study from Poland. Energies. 2024;17(24):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246351.Игнащенко О.О., Коврина О.Е. Обеспечение комфорта и энергосбережения в жилых зданиях // Инженерный вестник Дона. 2021. № 7. С. 496–502. EDN: TSYASD.Ignashchenko O.O., Kovrina O.E. Roviding Comfort and Energy Saving in Residential Buildings. Engineering Journal of Don. 2021;7:496-502. (In Russ.). EDN: TSYASD.Стронгин А.С. Оценка эффективности систем холодоснабжения общественных зданий. Часть 2. Экономическая и экологическая эффективность // Энергосбережение. 2020. № 3. С. 64–68.Strongin A.S. Efficiency Assessment of Cold Supply Systems in Public Buildings. Part 2. Economic and Ecological Efficiency. Energosberezhenie. 2020;3:64-68. (In Russ.).Некрасов С.А., Клименко В.В. О путях снижения издержек энергоснабжения в России // МИР (Модернизация. Инновации. Развитие). 2024. Т. 15. № 3. С. 356–370. https://doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2024.15.3.356-370. EDN: AWWEFQ.Nekrasov S.A., Klimenko V.V. On Ways to Reduce the Energy Supply Costs in Russia. MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research). 2024;15(3):356-370. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2024.15.3.356-370. EDN: AWWEFQ.Haiwen Chen, Feng Zheng, Rongcai Song, Chao Zhang, Ben Dong, Jiahao Zhang et al. Geothermal Resource Assessment and Development Recommendations for the Huangliu Formation in the Central Depression of the Yinggehai Basin // Sustainability. 2024. Vol. 16. Iss. 16. P. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167104.Haiwen Chen, Feng Zheng, Rongcai Song, Chao Zhang, Ben Dong, Jiahao Zhang et al. Geothermal Resource Assessment and Development Recommendations for the Huangliu Formation in the Central Depression of the Yinggehai Basin. Sustainability. 2024;16(16):1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167104.Руденко Н.Н., Пирожникова А.П., Коробов В.А. Использование аккумуляции холода в системе кондиционирования воздуха спортивного комплекса // Инженерный вестник Дона. 2021. № 11. С. 242– 250. EDN: SFADRX.Rudenko N.N., Pirozhnikova A.P., Korobov V.A. Use of Cold Storage in the Air Conditioning System of a Sports Complex. Engineering Journal of Don. 2021;11:242-250. (In Russ.). EDN: SFADRX.Xing Wang, Feiteng Wang, Jiawen Ren, Dahe Qin, Huilin Li Assessing The Key Concerns In Snow Storage: A Case Study For China // The Cryosphere. 2024. Vol. 18. Iss. 7. P. 3017–3031. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3017-2024.Xing Wang, Feiteng Wang, Jiawen Ren, Dahe Qin, Huilin Li Assessing The Key Concerns In Snow Storage: A Case Study For China. The Cryosphere. 2024;18(7):3017-3031. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3017-2024.Chengchu Yan, Wenxing Shi, Xianting Li, Shengwei Wang A Seasonal Cold Storage System Based on Separate Type Heat Pipe for Sustainable Building Cooling // Renewable Energy. 2016. Vol. 85. P. 880–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.023.Chengchu Yan, Wenxing Shi, Xianting Li, Shengwei Wang A Seasonal Cold Storage System Based on Separate Type Heat Pipe for Sustainable Building Cooling. Renewable Energy. 2016;85:880-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.023.Kumar V., Hewage K., Haider H., Sadiq R. Sustainability Evaluation Framework for Building Cooling Systems: A Comparative Study Of Snow Storage and Conventional Chiller Systems // Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2017. Vol. 19. P. 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1198-8.Kumar V., Hewage K., Haider H., Sadiq R. Sustainability Evaluation Framework for Building Cooling Systems: A Comparative Study Of Snow Storage and Conventional Chiller Systems. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2017;19:137-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1198-8.Chengchu Yan, Wenxing Shi, Xianting Li, Yang Zhao Optimal Design and Application of A Compound Cold Storage System Combining Seasonal Ice Storage and Chilled Water Storage // Applied Energy. 2016. Vol. 171. P. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.03.005.Chengchu Yan, Wenxing Shi, Xianting Li, Yang Zhao Optimal Design and Application of A Compound Cold Storage System Combining Seasonal Ice Storage and Chilled Water Storage. Applied Energy. 2016;171:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.03.005.Hamada Y., Nagata T., Kubota H., Ono T., Hashimoto Y. Study on A Snow Storage System in A Renovated Space // Renewable Energy. 2012. Vol. 41. P. 401–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.11.012.Hamada Y., Nagata T., Kubota H., Ono T., Hashimoto Y. Study on A Snow Storage System in A Renovated Space. Renewable Energy. 2012;41:401-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.11.012.Persson J., Westermark M. Low-Energy Buildings and Seasonal Thermal Energy Storages from a Behavioral Economics Perspective // Applied Energy. 2013. Vol. 112. P. 975–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.047.Persson J., Westermark M. Low-Energy Buildings and Seasonal Thermal Energy Storages from a Behavioral Economics Perspective. Applied Energy. 2013;112:975-980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.047.Hamada Y., Nakamura M., Kubota H. Field Measurements and Analyses for A Hybrid System for Snow Storage/Melting and Air Conditioning by Using Renewable Energy // Applied Energy. 2007. Vol. 84. Iss. 2. P. 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.07.002.Hamada Y., Nakamura M., Kubota H. Field Measurements and Analyses for A Hybrid System for Snow Storage/Melting and Air Conditioning by Using Renewable Energy. Applied Energy. 2007;84(2):117-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.07.002.Chengchu Yan, Fengling Wang, Yan Pan, Kui Shan, Risto Kosonen A Multi-Timescale Cold Storage System within Energy Flexible Buildings for Power Balance Management of Smart Grids // Renewable Energy. 2020. Vol. 161. P. 626–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.079.Chengchu Yan, Fengling Wang, Yan Pan, Kui Shan, Risto Kosonen A Multi-Timescale Cold Storage System within Energy Flexible Buildings for Power Balance Management of Smart Grids. Renewable Energy. 2020;161:626-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.079.Maex Moe J. Using Stored Snow as Cooling at Oslo Airport, Norway // Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Civil Engineering. 2018. Vol. 171. Iss. 5. P. 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.17.00041.Maex Moe J. Using Stored Snow as Cooling at Oslo Airport, Norway. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Civil Engineering. 2018;171(5):11-16. https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.17.00041.Alaiwi Y., Al-Omari S.B. Types of Cooling Towers: A Review // Babylonian Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2024. Vol. 2024. P. 106–114. https://doi.org/10.58496/BJME/2024/013.Alaiwi Y., Al-Omari S.B. Types of Cooling Towers: A Review. Babylonian Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2024;2024:106-114. https://doi.org/10.58496/BJME/2024/013.Abdullah A.K., Qasim M.S., Ahmed M.Q. Thermal Characteristics Investigation of Natural Draft Hybrid (Wet/Dry) Cooling Tower // International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies. 2022. Vol. 14. Iss. 3. P. 10–15. http://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2022.14.3.10.Abdullah A.K., Qasim M.S., Ahmed M.Q. Thermal Characteristics Investigation of Natural Draft Hybrid (Wet/Dry) Cooling Tower. International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies. 2022;14(3):10-15. http://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2022.14.3.10.Skogsberg K., Nordell B. The Sundsvall Hospital Snow Storage // Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2001. Vol. 32. Iss. 1. P. 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232X(00)00021-5.Skogsberg K., Nordell B. The Sundsvall Hospital Snow Storage. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2001;32(1):63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232X(00)00021-5.Weiss H.S., Bierman P.R., Dubief Y., Hamshaw S.D. Optimization of Over-Summer Snow Storage At Midlatitudes and Low Elevation // The Cryosphere. 2019. Vol. 13. Iss. 12. P. 3367–3382. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3367-2019.Weiss H.S., Bierman P.R., Dubief Y., Hamshaw S.D. Optimization of Over-Summer Snow Storage At Midlatitudes and Low Elevation. The Cryosphere. 2019;13(12):3367-3382. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3367-2019.Тарасова Е.В., Штым А.С. Схемы и конструкции аккумуляторов естественного холода в системах кондиционирования воздуха // Вестник Инженерной школы Дальневосточного федерального университета. 2012. № 4. С. 70–78. EDN: PKMVSD.Tarasova E.V., Shtym A.S. The Schemes and Designs of Natural Cold Accumulators in Air-Conditioning Systems. Far Eastern Federal University School of Engineering Bulletin. 2012;4:70-78. (In Russ.). EDN: PKMVSD.Xing Wang, Da-He Qin, Jia-Wen Ren, Fei-Teng Wang Numerical Estimation of Thermal Insulation Performance of Different Coverage Schemes at Three Places for Snow Storage // Advances in Climate Change Research. 2021. Vol. 12. Iss. 6. P. 903–912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.10.003.Xing Wang, Da-He Qin, Jia-Wen Ren, Fei-Teng Wang Numerical Estimation of Thermal Insulation Performance of Different Coverage Schemes at Three Places for Snow Storage. Advances in Climate Change Research. 2021;12(6):903-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.10.003.Di Liu, Xiaofeng Li, Yuexia Dong, Lihua Zhu, Xin Peng Performance Research and Application Progress of Thermal Insulation Materials for Cold Storage // Academic Journal of Science and Technology. 2023. Vol. 8. Iss. 2. P. 114–120. https://doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v8i2.15052.Di Liu, Xiaofeng Li, Yuexia Dong, Lihua Zhu, Xin Peng Performance Research and Application Progress of Thermal Insulation Materials for Cold Storage. Academic Journal of Science and Technology. 2023;8(2):114-120. https://doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v8i2.15052.Ильина К.В., Моисеенко А.С., Губенко А.Л. Материалы, используемые при отделке фасадов в северных климатических условиях // Молодежь и системная модернизация страны. Сб. науч. статей 7-й Междунар. науч. конф. студентов и молодых ученых (г. Курск, 19–20 мая 2022 г.). Курск, 2022. С. 165– 168. EDN: HWJWXA.Ilina K.V., Moiseenko A.S., Gubenko A.L. Materials Used For Finishing Facades in Northern Climates. In: Molodezh i sistemnaya modernizatsiya strany. Sbornik nauchnykh statei 7-i Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii studentov i molodykh uchenykh = Youth and Systemic Modernization of The Country. Collection of Scientific Articles of the 7th International Scientific Conference of Students and Young Scientists. 19–20 May 2022, Kursk. Kursk; 2022. P. 165–168. (In Russ.). EDN: HWJWXA.Омурзаков А., Сарбаева Н. М. Сравнительный анализ современных теплоизоляционных материалов // Наука и инновационные технологии. 2023. № 2. С. 201–204. https://doi.org/10.33942/sit042322. EDN: VKCCON.Omurzakov A., Sarbaeva N.M. Comparative Analysis of Modern Thermal Insulation Materials. Nauka i innovatsionnye tekhnologii. 2023;2:201-204. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33942/sit042322. EDN: VKCCON.Халиков Д.А., Халикова Г.С., Гончарова Т.В., Исламов К.Ф. Эволюция теплоизоляционных строительных материалов // Фундаментальные исследования. 2015. № 10-3. С. 529–533. EDN: UNXWJR.Khalikov D.A., Khalikova G.S., Goncharova T.V., Islamov K.F. Evolution of Heat-Insulating Construction Materials. Fundamental Research. 2015;10-3:529-533. (In Russ.). EDN: UNXWJR.Grünewald T., Wolfsperger F., Lehning M. Snow Farming: Conserving Snow Over The Summer Season // The Cryosphere. 2018. Vol. 12. Iss. 1. P. 385–400. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-385-2018.Grünewald T., Wolfsperger F., Lehning M. Snow Farming: Conserving Snow Over The Summer Season. The Cryosphere. 2018;12(1):385-400. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-385-2018.Туляков Е.И. Теплоизоляционный рулонный материал на основе вспененного полиэтилена // Образование. Наука. Производство. Сб. докладов XIV Междунар. молодежного форума (г. Белгород, 13– 14 октября 2022 г.). Белгород, 2022. Т. 14. С. 174–179. EDN: UPMCLC.Tulyakov E.I. Thermal Insulation Roll Material Based on Foamed Polyethylene. In: Obrazovanie. Nauka. Proizvodstvo. Sbornik dokladov XIV Mezhdunarodnogo molodezhnogo foruma = Education. Science. Production. Collection of Reports of the XIV International Youth Forum. 13–14 October 2022, Belgorod. Belgorod; 2022. Vol. 14. P. 174–179. (In Russ.). EDN: UPMCLC.Абильдинова С.К., Бейсен Д.М., Байдюсенов Г.Н. Оценка эффективности теплоизоляционных конструкций из пенополиуретана при различных способах прокладки теплосетей // Вестник Алматинского университета энергетики и связи. 2019. № 4. С. 28–33. https://doi.org/10.51775/1999-9801_2019_47_4_28. EDN: BNAPWP.Abildinova S.K., Beisen D.M., Baydyusenov G.N. Estimation of Efficiency of Heat-Insulating Construction from Foam Polyurethane at Various Ways of Laying Heat Networks. Vestnik Almatinskogo universiteta energetiki i svyazi. 2019;4:28-33. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.51775/1999-9801_2019_47_4_28. EDN: BNAPWP.Галдина В.Д., Сатюк М.С. Особенности структуры и свойств керамзита и керамзитобетона // Архитектурно-строительный и дорожно-транспортный комплексы: проблемы, перспективы, инновации. Сборник материалов VIII Международной научно-практической конференции (г. Омск, 23–24 ноября 2023 г.). Омск, 2023. С. 516–519. EDN: HRQMUG.Galdina V.D., Satjuk M.S. Features of the Structure and Properties of Ceramic and Ceramic Concrete. In: Arkhitekturno-stroitel'nyi i dorozhno-transportnyi kompleksy: problemy, perspektivy, innovatsii. Sbornik materialov VIII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii = Architectural, Construction and Road Transport Complexes: Problems, Prospects, Innovations. Collection of Materials of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. 23–24 November 2023, Omsk. Omsk; 2023. P. 516–519. (In Russ.). EDN: HRQMUG.Min Li, Yafei Guan Study on Preparation and Heat Storage Performance of Paraffin-Expanded Vermiculite-Based Phase Change Concrete // Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2024. Vol. 149. P. 14605–14614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-13832-y.Min Li, Yafei Guan Study on Preparation and Heat Storage Performance of Paraffin-Expanded Vermiculite-Based Phase Change Concrete. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2024;149:14605-14614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-13832-y.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.