<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inbure</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Инвестиции. Строительство. Недвижимость</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-2917</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-154X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/2227-2917-2025-4-688-701</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">LUBYEL</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inbure-384</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONSTRUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пути оптимизации железобетонных конструкций заводского изготовления на основе прикладных методов теории надежности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ways to optimize factory-made reinforced concrete structures based on applied methods of reliability theory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6047-4839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дудина Ирина Васильевна, к.т.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой строительных конструкций и технологии строительства</p><p>665709, г. Братск, ул. Макаренко, 40</p><p>Author ID: 315594</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Dudina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Building Structures and Construction Technology</p><p>40 Makarenko St., Bratsk 665709</p><p>Author ID: 315594</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dydina_irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-3603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камчаткина</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamchatkina</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камчаткина Варвара Михайловна, к.пед.н., доцент кафедры строительных конструкций и технологии строительства</p><p>665709, г. Братск, ул. Макаренко, 40</p><p>Author ID: 651157 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Varvara M. Kamchatkina, Cand. Sci. (Ped.), Associate Professor of Departments of Building structures and construction technologies</p><p>40 Makarenko St., Bratsk 665709</p><p>Author ID: 651157</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varvara@kamchatkina.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Братский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bratsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>688</fpage><lpage>701</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дудина И.В., Камчаткина В.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дудина И.В., Камчаткина В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dudina I.V., Kamchatkina V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://inbure.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/384">https://inbure.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/384</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью данной работы является выбор направлений оптимизации железобетонных конструкций заводского изготовления на основе прикладных методов теории надежности, в частности вероятностных методов. Критерием необходимости оптимизации является существенное превышение расчетного показателя надежности наднормативным. Методы исследований включают вероятностно-статистическое компьютерное моделирование и натурные испытания на комбинате «Братскжелезобетон». В представленной работе были получены результаты оптимизации двух видов сборных железобетонных конструкций: многопустотных панелей перекрытия серии 1.141-1 и балок покрытия со смешанным армированием серии 1.462.1-1/88. Оптимизация многопустотных панелей перекрытия выполнялась по двум направлениям: снижение толщины панелей (h = 160 мм) и разработка облегченных панелей для малоэтажного строительства; замена одного класса напрягаемой арматуры другим более высокопрочным, вызванная производственной необходимостью для обеспечения начальной надежности этих конструкций. Выполненные исследования показали, что проблема оптимизации многопустотных панелей перекрытия является логически обоснованной как с точки зрения экономии ресурсов, так и повышения их надежности. В результате вероятностных расчетов балок со смешанным армированием была установлена область оптимального количества ненапрягаемой рабочей арматуры при коэффициенте частичного преднапряжения в диапазоне Кр = 0,65…0,75. Моделирование по разработанным программам доказало, что учет нелинейности деформирования позволяет более точно выявить резервы снижения материалоемкости конструкций и выполнить оптимизацию ее армирования. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this work is to select the areas of optimization of factory-made reinforced concrete structures based on applied methods of reliability theory, in particular probability methods. The criterion for the need for optimization is a significant excess of the calculated reliability indicator over the normative one. Research methods include probability-statistical computer modeling and field tests at the Bratskzhelezobeton plant. In the presented work, the results of optimization of two types of precast reinforced concrete structures were obtained: multi-cavity floor panels of the 1.141-1 series and coating beams with mixed reinforcement of the 1.462.1-1/88 series. Optimization of multi-cavity floor panels was carried out in two directions: reduction of panel thickness (h = 160 mm) and development of lightweight panels for low-rise construction; replacement of one class of tensioned reinforcement with another more high-strength, caused by industrial necessity to ensure the initial reliability of these structures. The performed studies have shown that the problem of optimizing multi-cavity floor panels is logically justified both in terms of saving resources and increasing their reliability. As a result of probabilistic calculations of beams with mixed reinforcement, the optimal amount of non-stressed working reinforcement was determined with a partial prestressing coefficient in the range of Kr = 0.65...0.75. Modeling using the developed programs proved that taking into account the nonlinearity of deformation makes it possible to more accurately identify reserves for reducing the material consumption of structures and optimize its reinforcement. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железобетонные конструкции</kwd><kwd>снижение материалоемкости</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>надежность</kwd><kwd>вероятностные методы</kwd><kwd>расчетные модели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reinforced concrete structures</kwd><kwd>reduction in material consumption</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>reliability</kwd><kwd>probabilistic methods</kwd><kwd>calculation models</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Райзер В.Д. Теория надежности сооружений: научное издание. М.: Изд-во АСВ, 2010. 383 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raizer V.D. Theory of Reliability of Structures: Scientific Publication. Moscow: ASV Publishing House, 2010. 383 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тамразян А.Г., Дудина И.В. Обеспечение качества сборных железобетонных конструкций на стадии изготовления // Жилищное строительство. 2001. № 3. С. 8–10. EDN: UIZQDH.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamrazyan A.G., Dudina I.V. Ensuring the Quality of Precast Concrete Structures at the Manufacturing Stage. Housing Construction. 2001. № 3. С. 8–10. (In Russ.). EDN: UIZQDH.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spaethe G. Die Sicherheittragender Baukonstruktionen. Wien: Springer Vienna. 1992. 303 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spaethe G. Die Sicherheittragender Baukonstruktionen. Wien: Springer Vienna. 1992. 303 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaverzina L., Kovalenko G., Dudina I., Belskii O. Cost Efficiency Assessment of Automated Quality Control of Precast Structures // MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. Vol. 143. P. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814304006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaverzina L., Kovalenko G., Dudina I., Belskii O. Cost Efficiency Assessment of Automated Quality Control of Precast Structures. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018;143:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814304006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тамразян А.Г. Методология анализа и оценки надежности состояния и прогнозирование срока службы железобетонных конструкций // Железобетонные конструкции. 2023. Т. 1. № 1. С. 5–18. EDN: MGOLLW.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamrazian A.G. Methodology for the Analysis and Assessment of the Reliability of the State and Prediction the Service Life of Reinforced Concrete Structures. Reinforced Concrete Structures. 2023;1(1):5-18. (In Russ.). EDN: MGOLLW.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamrazyan A., Alekseytsev A. Evolutionary Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Taking Into Account Design Reliability, Safety and Risks During The Emergency Loss Of Supports // E3S Web of Conferences. 2019. Vol. 97. P. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199704005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamrazyan A., Alekseytsev A. Evolutionary Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Taking Into Account Design Reliability, Safety and Risks During The Emergency Loss Of Supports. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019;97:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199704005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тамразян А.Г., Алексейцев А.В. Современные методы оптимизации конструктивных решений для несущих систем зданий и сооружений // Вестник МГСУ. 2020. Т. 15. № 1. С. 12–30. https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.1.12-30. EDN: WVLCDG.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamrazyan A.G., Alekseytsev A.V. Review of Modern Optimization Methods for Bearing Systems of Buildings and Structures. Monthly Journal on Construction and Architecture. 2020;15(1):12-30. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.1.12-30. EDN: WVLCDG.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Квасников А.А., Сумароков Е.В. Оптимизация армирования железобетонных конструкций зданий и сооружений при автоматизации процессов проектирования // Вестник НИЦ «Строительство». 2023. № 2. С. 136–150. https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-136-150. EDN: YDILFM.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kvasnikov A.A., Sumarokov E.V. Optimizing the Reinforcement of Buildings and Structures in Automatic Design Processes. Bulletin of the Scientific Research Center of Construction. 2023;2:136 150. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2023-2(37)-136-150. EDN: YDILFM.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seify Asghshahr M. Reliability Based Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Genetic Algorithm// Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering. 2021. Vol. 65. Iss. 2. P. 566–576. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.17150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seify Asghshahr M. Reliability Based Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Genetic Algorithm. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering. 2021;65(2):566-576. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.17150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubaratuka I.A. Challenges of the Quality of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Dar es Salaam // International Journal of Engineering Research &amp; Technology. 2013. Vol. 2. Iss. 12. P. 820–827. https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV2IS120282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubaratuka I.A. Challenges of the Quality of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Dar es Salaam. International Journal of Engineering Research &amp; Technology. 2013;2(12):820-827. https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV2IS120282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коваленко Г.В., Дудина И.В., Жердева С.А. Практические методы оценки надежности сборных железобетонных конструкций на стадии изготовления. Монография. Братск: Изд-во Братского государственного университета, 2013. 123 с. EDN: UYKMQR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalenko G.V., Dudina I.V., Zherdeva S.A. Practical Methods for Assessing the Reliability of Precast Concrete Structures at the Manufacturing Stage. Monograph. Bratsk: Bratsk State University Press, 2013. 123 p. (In Russ.). EDN: UYKMQR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дудина И.В., Назарова Н.О. Повышение экономической эффективности конструкций заводского изготовления при оптимизации // Проблемы экономики и управления строительством в условиях экологически ориентированного развития. Материалы пятой Междунар. науч.-практ. онлайн-конф. (г. Томск, 12–13 апреля 2018 г.). Томск, 2018. С. 154–159. EDN: YQYNSH.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudina I.V., Nazarova N.O. Increase in Economic Efficiency of Designs of Factory Production by Their Optimization. In: Problemy ekonomiki i upravleniya stroitel'stvom v usloviyakh ekologicheski orientirovannogo razvitiya. Materialy pyatoi Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi onlain-konferentsii = Problems of Construction Economics and Management in the Context of Environmentally-Oriented Development. Proceedings of the Fifth International Scientific and Practical Online Conference. 12–13 April 2018, Tomsk. Tomsk; 2018. P. 154–159. (In Russ.). EDN: YQYNSH.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коваленко Г.В., Дудина И.В., Нестер Е.В. Вероятностный подход к контролю качества и оценке начальной надежности сборных железобетонных конструкций // Известия вузов. Инвестиции. Строительство. Недвижимость. 2021. Т. 11. № 2. С. 274–283. https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-22021-2-274-283. EDN: WPEWVM.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalenko G.V., Dudina I.V., Nester E.V. A Probabilistic Approach to Quality Control and Assessing Initial Reliability Precast Reinforced Constructions. Proceedings of Universities. Investment. Construction. Real estate. 2021;11(2):274-283. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2021-2-274-283. EDN: WPEWVM.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovalenko G.V., Dudina I.V., Nester E.V. Chance Models and Estimators of Primary Reliability of Constructions with Mixed Reinforcement // European Science and Technology: Materials of the Intemational Research and Practice Conference (Wiesbaden, 31stJanuary, 2012). Wiesbaden, 2012. P. 237–243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalenko G.V., Dudina I.V., Nester E.V. Chance Models and Estimators of Primary Reliability of Constructions with Mixed Reinforcement. In: European Science and Technology: Materials of the Intemational Research and Practice Conference. 31stJanuary 2012, Wiesbaden. Wiesbaden; 2012. P. 237–243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коваленко Г.В., Дудина И.В., Назарова Н.О. Оптимизация железобетонных конструкций заводского изготовления на вероятностной основе как фактор снижения их материалоемкости // Труды Братского государственного университета. Серия: естественные и инженерные науки. 2018. Т. 1. С. 156–160. EDN: YURQNV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalenko G.V., Dudina I.V., Nazarova N.O. Optimization of Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Structures on a Probabilistic Basis as a Factor in Reducing Their Material Consumption. Trudy Bratskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: estestvennye i inzhenernye nauki. 2018;1:156-160. (In Russ.). EDN: YURQNV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпенко Н.И. Общие модели механики железобетона. М.: Стройиздат. 1996. 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpenko N.I. General Models of Reinforced Concrete Mechanics. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1996. 416 p (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко В.М., Бондаренко С.В. Инженерные методы нелинейной теории железобетона. М.: Стройиздат.1982. 287 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko V.M., Bondarenko S.V. Engineering Methods of Nonlinear Theory of Reinforced Concrete. Moscow: Stroyizdat.1982. 287 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jian-Ping Lin, Guannan Wang, Rongqiao Xu Particle Swarm Optimization–Based Finite-Element Analyses and Designs of Shear Connector Distributions for Partial-Interaction Composite Beams // Journal of Bridge Engineering. 2019. Vol. 24. Iss. 4. P. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001371.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jian-Ping Lin, Guannan Wang, Rongqiao Xu Particle Swarm Optimization–Based Finite-Element Analyses and Designs of Shear Connector Distributions for Partial-Interaction Composite Beams. Journal of Bridge Engineering. 2019;24(4):1-20. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Abdelouafi G., Benaissa K., Abdellatif K. Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Buildings: Comparison between FORM and ISM // Procedia Engineering. 2015. Vol. 114. P. 650–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Abdelouafi G., Benaissa K., Abdellatif K. Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Buildings: Comparison between FORM and ISM. Procedia Engineering. 2015;114:650-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Youbao Jiang, Suixiang Peng, Beer M., Lei Wang, Jianren Zhang Reliability Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Columns Designed By Eurocode for Wind-Dominated Combination Considering Random Loads Eccentricity // Advances in Structural Engineering. 2019. Vol. 23. Iss. 1. P. 146–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219866089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Youbao Jiang, Suixiang Peng, Beer M., Lei Wang, Jianren Zhang Reliability Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Columns Designed By Eurocode for Wind-Dominated Combination Considering Random Loads Eccentricity. Advances in Structural Engineering. 2019;23(1):146-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219866089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szep J., Habashneh M., Logo J., Rad M.M. Reliability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Elevated Temperatures: A Probabilistic Approach Using Finite Element and Physical Models // Sustainability. 2023. Vol. 15. Iss. 7. P. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076077.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szep J., Habashneh M., Logo J., Rad M.M. Reliability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Elevated Temperatures: A Probabilistic Approach Using Finite Element and Physical Models. Sustainability. 2023;15(7):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076077.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiang Zhang, Yan-Gang Zhao, Kristijan Kolozvari, Lei Xu Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structure Against Progressive Collapse // Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety. 2022. Vol. 228. P. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2022.108831.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiang Zhang, Yan-Gang Zhao, Kristijan Kolozvari, Lei Xu Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structure Against Progressive Collapse. Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety. 2022;228:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2022.108831.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voss J. An Introduction to Statistical Computing: A Simulation-Based Approach. Chichester: Wiley, 2013. 396 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voss J. An Introduction to Statistical Computing: A Simulation-Based Approach. Chichester: Wiley, 2013. 396 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ditlevsen O. Stochastic Model of Self‐Weight Load // Journal of Structural Engineering. 1988. Vol. 114. Iss. 1. P. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:1(222).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ditlevsen O. Stochastic Model of Self‐Weight Load. Journal of Structural Engineering. 1988;114(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:1(222).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коваленко Г.В., Меньщикова Н.С. Анализ результатов компьютерного моделирования напряженнодеформированного состояния железобетонных балок со смешанным армированием и оценка их надежности на основе нелинейно-деформационной модели // Современные технологии. Системный анализ. Моделирование. 2009. № 4. С. 93–96. EDN: KWWDBV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalenko G.V., Menshchikova N.S. Analysis of The Results of Computer Modeling of The Stress-Strain State of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Mixed Reinforcement and Assessment of Their Reliability Based on A Nonlinear Deformation Model. Sovremennye tekhnologii. Sistemnyi analiz. Modelirovanie. 2009;4:93-96. (In Russ.). EDN: KWWDBV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тамразян А.Г., Дудина И.В. Учет нелинейных свойств материалов при расчете конструкций со смешанным армированием // Бетон и железобетон. 2003. № 2. С. 11–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamrazyan A.G., Dudina I.V. Taking into Account Nonlinear Properties of Materials When Calculating Structures with Mixed Reinforcement. Concrete and Reinforced Concrete. 2003;2:11-12. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дудина И.В., Рамазанова Г.А., Нестер Е.В. Влияние некоторых конструктивных параметров совмещенного армирования железобетонных балок при оценке их предельных состояний // Системы. Методы. Технологии. 2018. № 2. С. 139–145. https://doi.org/10.18324/2077-5415-2018-2-139-145. EDN: XYMYZN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudina I.V., Ramazanova G.A., Nester E.V. Influence of Some Design Parameters of the Combined Reinforcement of Concrete Beams in Assessing Their Limit States. Systems. Methods. Technologies.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байрамуков С.Х., Долаева З.Н. Оценка прочности и деформативности частично предварительно напряженных элементов по деформационной модели // Инженерный вестник Дона. 2018. № 2. С. 1–12. EDN: YATGLR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">;2:139-145. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18324/2077-5415-2018-2-139-145. EDN: XYMYZN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Залесов А.С., Чистяков Е.А., Ларичева И.Ю. Деформационная расчетная модель железобетонных элементов при действии изгибающих моментов и продольных сил // Бетон и железобетон.1996. № 5. С. 16–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bayramukov S.H., Dolaeva Z.N. Evaluation of the Strength and Deformation of Partially Prestressed Elements by the Deformation Model. Engineering Journal of Don. 2018;2:1-12. (In Russ.). EDN: YATGLR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Плевков В.С., Балдин И.В., Балдин С.В., Ласковенко А.Г., Ласковенко Г.А. Прочность и трещиностойкость железобетонных элементов при совместном действии изгибающих моментов, продольных и поперечных сил // Современные проблемы расчета железобетонных конструкций, зданий и сооружений на аварийные воздействия. Международная научная конференция, посвященная 85-летию кафедры железобетонных и каменных конструкций и 100-летию со дня рождения Н.Н. Попова (г. Москва, 19–20 апреля 2016 г.). М., 2016. С. 323–328. EDN: TSXRHW.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zalesov A.S., Chistyakov E.A., Laricheva I.Yu. Deformation Calculation Model of Reinforced Concrete Elements under the Action of Bending Moments and Longitudinal Forces. Concrete and Reinforced Concrete. 1996;5:16-18. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plevkov V.S., Baldin I.V., Baldin S.V., Laskovenko A.G., Laskovenko G.A. Strength and Crack Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Elements under the Combined Action of Bending Moments, Longitudinal and Transverse Forces. In: Sovremennye problemy rascheta zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsii, zdanii i sooruzhenii na avariinye vozdeistviya. Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya, posvyashchennaya 85-letiyu kafedry zhelezobetonnykh i kamennykh konstruktsii i 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya N.N. Popova = Current Problems of Calculating Reinforced Concrete Structures, Buildings, and Facilities for Accident Impacts. International Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 85th Anniversary of the Department of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures and the 100th Anniversary of N.N. Popov's Birth. 19–20 April 2016, Moscow. Moscow; 2016. P. 323–328. (In Russ.). EDN: TSXRHW.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plevkov V.S., Baldin I.V., Baldin S.V., Laskovenko A.G., Laskovenko G.A. Strength and Crack Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Elements under the Combined Action of Bending Moments, Longitudinal and Transverse Forces. In: Sovremennye problemy rascheta zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsii, zdanii i sooruzhenii na avariinye vozdeistviya. Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya, posvyashchennaya 85-letiyu kafedry zhelezobetonnykh i kamennykh konstruktsii i 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya N.N. Popova = Current Problems of Calculating Reinforced Concrete Structures, Buildings, and Facilities for Accident Impacts. International Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 85th Anniversary of the Department of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures and the 100th Anniversary of N.N. Popov's Birth. 19–20 April 2016, Moscow. Moscow; 2016. P. 323–328. (In Russ.). EDN: TSXRHW.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
