inbureИзвестия вузов. Инвестиции. Строительство. НедвижимостьIzvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost2227-29172500-154XIrkutsk National Research Technical University10.21285/2227-2917-2021-4-674-689inbure-96Research ArticleТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ. СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВОTECHNICAL SCIENCES. CONSTRUCTIONЭкологические аспекты в строительстве. Решение экологических задач при строительстве ряда автономных объектовEnvironmental aspects in construction. Environmental management in constructing autonomous facilitieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-9485СпицовД. В.SpitsovD. V.

Спицов Дмитрий Владимирович - кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры водоснабжения и водоотведения.

129337, Москва, Ярославское шоссе, 26

Dmitriy V. Spitsov - Cand. Sci (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Water Supply and Water Disposal, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University).

26 Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow, 129337

SpitsovDV@mgsu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-9760СаймулловА. В.SaimullovA. V.

Саймуллов Алексей Вячеславович - аспирант кафедры водоснабжения и водоотведения.

129337, Москва, Ярославское шоссе, 26

Aleksei V. Saymullov - Postgraduate student of the Department of Water Supply and Water Disposal, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University).

26 Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow, 129337

al.saimul@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-2342ПервовА. Г.PervovA. G.

Первов Алексей Германович - доктор технических наук, доцент кафедры водоснабжения и водоотведения.

129337, Москва, Ярославское шоссе, 26

Alexey G. Pervov - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Water Supply and Water Disposal, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University).

26 Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow, 129337

ale-pervov@yandex.ruНациональный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университетРоссияMoscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)Russian Federation202109112023114674689Copyright © Спицов Д.В., Саймуллов А.В., Первов А.Г., 20232023Спицов Д.В., Саймуллов А.В., Первов А.Г.Spitsov D.V., Saimullov A.V., Pervov A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://inbure.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/96

Целью работы является экспериментальная оценка и доказательство возможности сокращения расходов стоков систем водоподготовки, а также ливневых и бытовых стоков до объемов, позволяющих вывоз их автотранспортом, что позволило бы избежать загрязнения окружающей среды и затрат на строительство водоотводящих сетей. В работе описаны основные экологические проблемы, часто возникающие при организации систем водоснабжения и водоотведения новых строящихся объектов, удаленных от водоотводящих сетей. Рассмотрены новые мембранные технологии обратного осмоса и нанофильтрации, позволяющие обеспечить высокое качество очищенной воды как при подготовке питьевой и технической воды, так и при очистке сточных вод, делающие возможным повторное использование последних в технических целях. Основное преимущество новых технологий состоит в возможности значительного сокращения расходов воды на собственные нужды установок, что позволяет отказаться от сбросов в канализацию. В исследовании представлены технологические схемы и эксперименты, демонстрирующие возможности снижения объема концентратов. Предложены технологии для строящихся жилых комплексов, позволяющие создать автономные системы водоснабжения и вывоза отходов (стоков и осадков) автотранспортом. При этом объемы отходов не превышают 0,5 % от объемов воды, потребляемой для хозяйственно-питьевых нужд. Описанный подход к созданию систем водоснабжения и очистки сточных вод может быть использован при создании систем водного хозяйства объектов, удаленных от водопроводных и канализационных сетей, а также водоемов, в которые может быть осуществлен сброс очищенных сточных вод. Очищенная с применением обратного осмоса сточная вода может использоваться для подпитки сети оборотного водоснабжения (охлаждения оборудования) и полива зеленых насаждений.

The present work provides an experimental assessment and proves the possibility of reducing wastewater flow rates in water treatment systems, as well as storm and household sewage, to volumes allowing their inland transportation, which would help avoid environmental pollution and costs associated with building drainage networks. The paper describes major environmental problems that often arise while establishing water supply and drainage systems at new facilities under construction, remote from drainage networks. New reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane technologies are considered that ensure high-quality purification of both drinkable and process water and wastewater treatment, allowing the latter to be reused for technical purposes. The main advantage of new technologies comprises a significant reduction in water consumption for the balance-of-plant needs, which allows discharges to sewers to be avoided. The study provides process diagrams and experiments demonstrating the possibilities of reducing the volume of concentrates. Technologies for residential building sites are proposed, offering a possibility of designing autonomous systems of water supply and discharge (runoffs and sediments) by vehicles. Furthermore, the volume of wastewater is less than 0.5% of that of water consumed for drinking needs. The described approach to designing water supply and wastewater treatment systems can be used for developing waterworks systems at facilities remote from water supply and sewerage networks, as well as reservoirs where treated wastewater can be discharged. Wastewater purified by reverse osmosis can be used for feeding the recycling water supply network (equipment cooling) and green spaces irrigation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.