Revisiting the issue of fire safety in private housing construction

Possible approaches to reducing the fire hazard in private housing construction are considered. The study was conducted using general scientific methods, including network analysis, numerical analysis and the methods of visualisation using Matlab graphic editor. The current state of housing construction in the Russian Federation and, in particular, Baikal region, is analysed. It was established that, due to the implementation of national projects, the level of private housing construction has increased considerably in recent years. At the same time, the use of wooden structures, which are exposed to increased threat of fire hazards, is gaining in popularity. An analysis of fire hazard in Irkutsk Oblast revealed that one of the most probable causes of ignition is associated with the violation of rules for arrangement and operation of electricity-generating equipment. The most common cause of such violations was proved to be the asymmetry of phase currents, which causes additional heat losses contributing to the occurrence of fires. The effectiveness of balancing devices in reducing the consequences of asymmetric power consumption was confirmed on a specific example. The implementation of measures to balance the operating modes of internal electrical networks of residential buildings represents one of the most effective ways to reduce fire risks in private residential buildings. Based on the obtained results, a set of recommendations is proposed for use by specialists of construction organizations, as well as employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations controlling the fire safety of individual residential buildings.

1. Brushlinsky NN, Ahren MA, Sokolov SV, Wagner P. World Fier Statistics. CTIF. International association of fier and rescue services. 2020;25:65 p.

2. Campbell R. Home electrical fires. nFpA Research, 2019. 17 p.

3. Naumov IV, Karamov DA. On the issue of occurrence of fire-hazardous situations with unbalanced power consumption. Nadezhnost’ i bezopasnost’ energetiki = Safety and Reliability of Power Industry. 2021;14(1):69-76. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2021-14-1-69-76.

4. Abdieva ZE. Estimation of influence of unsymmetry of loading on the losses of electric energy in the networks of 0,4kv. Izvestiya Kyrgyzskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. I. Razzakova. 2014;32-1:157-159. (In Russ.).

5. Kozlovskaya VB, Kalechits VN. Asymmetrical modes of outdoor lighting lines. Energetika. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii i ener-geticheskikh ob"edinenii sNg = Energetika. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations. 2019;62(3):232-246. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-3-232-246

6. Naumov IV, Bagaev AA. Unbalanced power consumption modes modeling in rural distribution 0.38 kv electric networks with multi-stage power take-off. Vestnik Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Bulletin of Altai state agricultural university. 2022;6(212):90-104. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2022-212-6-90-104.

7. Naumov IV, Podyachikh SV. On the choosing the installation location the balancing devices in low-voltages distribution electric networks. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2021 ;2094:052012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052012.

8. Naumov IV. On the control of asymmetric operation modes of 0.38-kv distribution electrical networks. Promyshlennaya energetika. 2022;5:2-14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34831/EP.2022.25.51.001.

9. Naumov IV, Bastron AV. Investigation of asymmetric modes of operation of internal electrical networks of individual residential buildings in rural areas. Vestnik NGIEI = Bulletin of the NGIEI. 2022;6(133):44-58. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24412/2227-9407-2022-6-44-58.

10. Naumov IV, Podeachikh SV, Bastron AV. The Power Quality Improving and its Losses Reducing with Balancing Devices. EESTE-2021 IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022;979:012160. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012160.

11. Naumov IV, Podyachikh SV, Tretyakov AN. About Electric Energy Additional Losses Reduction at the Phase Currents Unbalancing in the 0.38 kV Operating Networks. EESTE-2021 IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022;979:012137. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012137.

12. Naumov IV, Podyachikh SV, Tretyakov AN, Sheryazov SK, Bastron AV. “Green technologies” elements by the individual residential building's internal electrical networks operation. ESDCA-II-2022 IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022;1045:012153. https://doi.org/10.1088/17551315/1045/1/012153.

13. Naumov IV, Podyachikh SV, Yakupova MA, Fedorinova ES. Methodological Bases of the Fire Hazard Reduction in Internal and External 0.38 kV Electrical Networks with Unbalancing Power Consumption. ESDCA-II-2022 IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022;1045:012145. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1045/1/012145.