On the choice of allowable cross-sections of conductor material in internal electrical networks when building individual households

In this work, a software package was developed in order to investigate the applicability of conductors having different cross-sections for installing internal electrical networks in individual households. A combination of general scientific methods, including circuit theory, numerical analysis and visualisation using MATLAB graphical editor, was used. The state of individual households in the Irkutsk region was analysed. It was confirmed that one of the most common causes of combustion associated with the construction of internal electrical networks of individual households involves unbalanced phase currents, leading to additional heat losses, which give rise to fire hazards. A thermal calculation of the electric network functioning under normal operating conditions was carried out in order to obtain expressions for determining the maximum permissible values of the neutral conductor current of the internal electrical network of the house. These algorithms and programs were used to tabulate the limit values of the zero sequence currents for different cross-sections of the conductor material and temperature ranges. The efficiency of using balanced/unbalanced converters to mitigate the negative effects of unbalanced power consumption was demonstrated by a field test. It can be concluded that one of the most efficient ways to reduce fire hazards in individual houses involves balancing the operating modes of the internal electrical network. The obtained data may therefore be used by construction organisations, as well as the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, which monitors the fire safety of individual houses.

1. Naumov I. V. Revisiting the issue of fire safety in private housing construction. Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitel'stvo. Nedvizhimost' = Proceedings of Universities. Investment. Construction. Real estate. 2022;12(3):350-361. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2022-3-350-361.

2. Naumov I. V. Additional power losses in lowvoltage electrical networks and their influence on people. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences. Research Paradigms Transformation in Social Sciences. 2018;50:844-853. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.12.103.

3. Naumov I. V. An analysis of fires due to violation of the rules for design and operation of electrical plants, and how to prevent them in residential buildings (on the example of the amur region). EastConf2019: International science and technology conference (INSPEC). Vladivostok, 1–2 March 2019. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi-neers (IEEE); 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/EastConf.2019.8725407.

4. Naumov I. V., Karamov D. N. On the issue of the occurrence of fire-hazardous situations with asymmetric power consumption. Nadezhnost’ i bezopasnost’ energetiki = Safety and Reliability of Power Industry. 2021;14(1):69-76. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2021-14-1-69-76.

5. Bortnik D. V., Orlov A. I., Volkov S. V. The quality of electric energy in low-voltage electric networks with household load. In the collection. Materialy XII Vserossiiskoi nauchno-tekhnicheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem v ramkakh IV Vserossiiskogo svetotekhnicheskogo foruma = Materials of the XII All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference with international participation. 15-16 March 2017, Saransk. Within the IV All-Russian Lighting Forum. O. E. Zheleznyakov (Eds.); Ogarev Mordovia State University. Saransk: PH V. S. Afanasyev; 2017. p. 517-525. (In Russ.).

6. Abdieva Z. E. Estimation of influence of unsymmetry of loading on the losses of electric energy in the networks of 0,4kV. Izvestiya kyrgyzskogo Gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. I. Razzakova. 2014;32-1:157-159. (In Russ.).

7. Kozlovskaya V. B., Kalechyts V. N. Asymmetrical modes of outdoor lighting lines. Energetika. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii i energeticheskikh ob"edinenii SNG = Energetika. Proceedings of cis higher education institutions and power engineering associations. 2019;62(3):232-246. (In Russ.).

8. Basmanov V. G., Votinsev A. V. Developing a Methodology for Calculating Asymmetric Modes of Power Supply Systems at Enterprises if Source Information Is Incomplete. Proceedings – 2021 International con-ference on industrial engineering, applications and manufacturing. Sochi, 17–21 May 2021. Institute of Elec-trical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEAM51226.2021.9446400.

9. Ogunboyo P. T., Remy T., Davidson I. E. An Investigation of Voltage Quality in Low Voltage Electric Power Distribution Network under Normal Operation Mode. EAI International Conference for Research, Innovation and Development for Africa. Zimbabwe, Victoria Falls, 20-21 June 2017. ACRID. P. 254-265. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-6-2017.2270701.

10. Naumov I. V. Symmetration of operating modes of internal three-phase electric networks as a means of reducing fire hazard. Aktual''nye voprosy agrarnoi nauki = Actual issues of agrarian science. 2021;38:19-26. (In Russ.).

11. Naumov I. V., Bastron A. V. Unbalancing modes investigation of the operation internal individual residential buildings electrical networks in rural areas. Vestnik NGIEI = Bulletin NGIEI. 2022;6:44–58. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24412/2227-9407-2022-6-44-58.

12. Naumov I. V. Method and program for calculating power losses and indicators of current and voltage asymmetry in a 0.38 kV distribution network with a symmetrical device. Mekhanizatsiya i elektrifikatsiya sotsialisticheskogo sel'skogo khozyaistva. 1989;3:30. (In Russ.).

13. Kosoukhov F. D., Gushchinskii A. G, Kolymtsev M. V. A method for calculating power losses and indicators of current and voltage asymmetry in rural electric networks of 0.38 kV with a distributed asymmetric load. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvesniya Saint-Petersburg state agrarian university. 2012;26:422-428. (In Russ.).

14. Fetisov L. V., Rozhencova N. V., Bulatov O. A. Improving the quality of electric power in low voltage networks. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Problemy energetiki = Power engineering: research, equipment, technology. 2018;20(11-12):99-106. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-11-12-99-106.

15. Zhilin M. I., Vorkunov O. V. Improving the quality of electric energy. In: Prioritetnye napravleniya razvitiya nauki: materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoprakticheskoi konferentsii = Collection of articles based on the materials of the international scientific and practical conference. 2 July 2017, Moscow. Irkutsk: LLC "Scientific Partnership "Apex"; 2017. p. 83-85. (In Russ.).

16. Girshin A., Goryunov V., Kuznetsov E., Safonov D., Petrova E. Analysis of asymmetrical modes in medium voltage electrical grids with compensated neutral. MATEC web of conferences 2016 3rd Internation-al conference on manufacturing and industrial technologies (ICMIT 2016). Istanbul, 25–27 May 2016 г.. EDP Sciences; 2016. p. 10008. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20167010008.

17. Xie Rongbin, Du Fan, Cheng Xiang, Zhou Qun, Xu Fangwei. Influence of three-phase imbalance and harmonic on line loss of three-phase four-wire lowvoltage distribution network. Power system protection and control. 2020;48(21):22-30.

18. Dulepov D. E., Kondranenkova T. E. Eduction of loss and enhancement of electric energy quality in non-symmetric regimes in rural distribution electric networks. In: Elektroenergetika glazami molodezhi: materialy VIII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnotekhnicheskoi konferentsii = Electric Power Industry through the eyes of youth: Proceedings of the VIII International Scientific and Technical Conference. 2-6 October 2017, Samara. Samara: Samara State Technical University; 2017. p. 328-331. (In Russ.).

19. Naumov I. V. On the control of asymmetric operation modes of 0.38-kV distribution electrical networks. Industrial Power Engineering. 2022;5:2-14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34831/EP.2022.25.51.001.