Wastewater disposal systems in specially protected areas, problems and solutions

Abstract

The basis for the life of a modern city are domestic wastewater disposal systems, which are a complex technical system consisting of a variety of facilities for receiving, collecting, transporting and treating wastewater coming from residential buildings, social and cultural facilities. The sanitary condition of the territory, the comfort of living and the ability of the city to develop depend on the reliability of each of the listed structures. Traditionally, wastewater disposal systems have an extensive structure, which is effective from the point of view of their operation. However, due to the lack of backup lines and devices, when gravity collectors become clogged and blocked upstream, sewage fills the free space in pipelines and wells. At the same time, in low-lying areas, wastewater is usually poured from observation wells onto the soil and enters reservoirs, which negatively affects the ecology of the urban environment and the preservation of the unique flora and fauna of water bodies, especially those in lakes. Baikal. However, at the legislative level, the discharge of untreated wastewater to the earth's surface is prohibited in specially protected areas. The article proposes a methodology for reserving household sanitation networks and demonstrates its effectiveness using the example of the city of Baikalsk. The article may be useful for designers and decision makers on the construction of wastewater disposal systems in specially protected areas.