Supporting nodes as a condition for the spatial development of the Baikal-Angara settlement area

The paper discusses the questions of urban development of the Baikal-Angarsk settlement system. The following research tasks were formulated: to identify the characteristics of urban planning in the Baikal-Angarsk settlement system with the allocation of structural elements; to determine the development of environmentally sustainable land management; to identify the milestones of spatial development – the supporting nodes of settlement. These tasks could be solved by overcoming the contradiction between the reliance on the spatial development of the Baikal region with a rich natural-resource potential and the geographic “reduction” of urban development to one point on the map – Irkutsk. The research methodology was based on the concept of environmentally sustainable settlement proposed by Academician V.V. Vladimirov, the idea of environmentally oriented urban planning by professor A.G. Bolshakov, as well as the central place theory by W. Kristalller. As a result, the characteristics of the urban planning framework under investigation were revealed, formed by a combination of three frameworks: economic, transport and communication, terrain and environment. In each of these frameworks, axes are distinguished, whose intersection explains the formation of settlement nodes, typological characteristics associated with these nodes and the extent of the influence area for each of them. The selected structural elements of the settlement system are planning areas formed around the supporting nodes. The paper formulates recommendations for the urban development of supporting nodes according to their economic and geographic location, the rich natural-resource and production potentials of the Baikal region within the framework of a new environmental technology order (the sixth in order). A general model of the settlement system, characteristic of the entire southern Siberia, was developed. For the Baikal-Angara settlement area, this model assumes an impact point onto the supporting nodes, which will cause significant changes in the entire settlement system.

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