The use of blockchain in corporate reforestation in the region

Abstract

The paper considers the project "Corporate reforestation based on blockchain technologies" as a tool to increase the efficiency, transparency and investment attractiveness of reforestation activities. The relevance of the study is justified by insufficient scientific study of the use of distributed registries in forestry, as well as the need to attract private capital to fulfill the tasks of the federal project "Forest Conservation" and the national project "Environmental Well-being". Practical examples are analyzed, such as the foreign Web3Eco case (tokenization of rights to income from paulownia cultivation) and a domestic pilot project in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (monitoring deforestation using drones and blockchain). The specifics of the Irkutsk region as a key timber industry region with high environmental risks and strict requirements for tenants are shown. Data on the reforestation activities of large companies (Irkutsk Oil Company, Verkhnechonskneftegaz, Decom) are presented, confirming the transformation of reforestation into a market filter. The architecture of the blockchain platform has been developed, which includes functional modules (seedling accounting, growth monitoring, certificate management, and participant interaction). A business model based on Canvas methodology is presented value propositions for different segments, channels of interaction, sources of income (carbon credits, certificates, ecotourism, BaaS), key resources and partners, cost structure. An analysis of risks (technological, economic, environmental, social, legislative, personnel) was carried out with the proposal of response strategies (mitigation, transfer, acceptance). Recommendations are given on reducing costs (drone rentals, cloud solutions, energy-efficient PoS/DPoS consensuses, solar panels) and increasing revenue (tokenization of carbon credits, ecotourism, sponsorship, training).