As an important global concern, climate change shifted the balance of natural systems, causing temperature anomalies, change in precipitation, increase in the number of hurricanes and earthquakes, drought and floods, overall contributing to an increase in the number of natural disasters. Floods are one of the most common natural phenomena that endanger people and construction sites and cause significant losses across the country. This paper presents a concept for managing the construction processes in emergency response to the consequences caused by floods in order to minimise damage and ensure the fastest and highest quality restoration work. The resource and process constituents in emergency response were analysed, as well as the level of damage and consequences of floods. This research allowed a concept for managing the construction processes to be developed based on the principles of target focusing. According to this concept, a technology of prefabricated large-panel housing meets the basic requirements for building structures and materials for the construction in areas prone to natural disasters caused by floods.

Based on the audit findings of raw materials used in concrete manufacture, this study aimed to optimise the composition of non-autoclaved heat insulation foam concrete (grade D300). When planning an experiment, a strength characteristic of foam concrete was taken as a parameter, while the cement water factor (W/C) of the cement mortar (matrix) and the concentration of a foam solution were taken as determinant factors. The research area was chosen based on the foam concrete’s ability to form the structure and ensure its stability. The "W/C" factor was considered within the following values: 0.60 ÷ 0.84 for foam concrete without a plasticiser, 0.54 ÷ 0.78 with a plasticiser. The concentration of the work foam solution was varied across the range from 1 to 9%. Samples of heat insulation foam concrete with dimensions of 100x100x100 mm were moulded using a foam concrete mixture prepared according to the conventional technology. The compressive strength of the samples was determined by the destructive method. In the course of the work, the influence of W/C of cement mortar and the concentration of foam work solution on the strength of foam concrete with and without polycarboxylate-based plasticiser was determined. The optimal amount of water was defined and substantiated to obtain the porous structure of foam concrete with an average density of 300 kg/m³ using a synthetic foaming agent, ensuring the maximum strength. It was concluded that using a superplastici ser for the production of low-density foam concrete is impractical. The compressive strength of heat insulation foam concrete increases with increasing W/C. The following correlation was observed between the investigated factors: the change in strength in the function of W/C is less prominent at a low concentration of the foam solution. To manufacture heat insulation foam co ncrete with a density of D300 based on synthetic foaming agent and general Portland cement, the optimal W/C (including water in the foam) should amount to 0.8.

Surface foundations help improve the mechanical performance of transmission towers. In this work, we examined and identified the most effective structures of surface foundations to be used as transmission towers. In the study, general scientific methods were used: comparison, analysis, observation, synthesis, generalisation, systematisation, modelling, as well as the graphical presentation of the results obtained. In the course of the work, the most common structures of surface foundations were considered – lattice poles and concrete blocks. An efficient design of a surface foundation with an increased bearing area and a rational position of reinforced concrete main girder have been proposed, which allows the strain in the support nodes, the pressure under the foundation bed and the deformation of the foundation blocks to be reduced. This design is recommended as a transmission tower to be used on soft soils.

The design of urban water supply and disposal systems is associated with overcoming various uncertainties of an economic, technical, natural and anthropogenic nature. Among them, the estimated loads for water consumption and discharge are the most significant. If water supply and disposal systems are designed and built for loads higher than the actual values, the water and runoff flow rates will cause quiescent area, pipeline silting and even plugging. If the actual load exceeds the designed load, this will lead to significant hydraulic pressure losses, overstated operating costs and considerable equipment wear. The risks involved with overestimating or underestimating the design loads are very high, as both would require reconstruction and immense financial investments. To minimise such risks, we propose a methodology based on a multi-stage and adaptive project implementation with minimum risks when making a decision at each step. A numerical study demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed methodology and its conformity with the domestic design process and development of water supply and disposal systems. This method allows the optimal way of system development to be chosen according to the life cycle costs.

The objective of this study is to develop a technology for manufacturing concretes and their formulations using hydrolysed lignin to improve their quality characteristics (compressive strength, water repellency, frost resistance). To achieve this goal, the following tasks should be solved: to study the chemical composition of hydrolysed lignin; to reveal the influence of mechanochemical activation on the structure of hydrolysed lignin; to select optimal conditions for obtaining composite building materials; to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the developed composite materials. Portland cement M 400 was used in the experiments; sand was used as a fine aggregate (GOST 8736-2014) with a fineness modulus of 2.2 at a ratio of 1:4 (the expected concrete grade is B35). The water-cement ratio was 0.5. 10% sodium water glass (GOST 13078-81), finely ground hydrolysed as lignin organic filler and carbamide (GOST 2081-92) as organic modifier were used. IR spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of hydrolysed lignin. The study showed that hydrolysed lignin is an active organic additive. The polar groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl) in its molecule are capable of strong intermolecular interaction and can facilitate its association in solutions, leading to possible chain cross-linking reactions, condensation reactions, both in acidic and alkaline media. To obtain high-quality construction composite materials with desired properties, the following raw mixture comprising Portland cement, sand and additional components is recommended: 30–50% of hydrolysed lignin and 20–40% of carbamide of the mixture mass.

In this work, we carried out a comparative analysis of empirical dependences (A. Chézy and N.F. Fedorov formulas) for the hydraulic calculation of wastewater gravity flow networks. Using these formulas on a specific example, the hydraulic slope of a gravity pipeline was calculated and the error in the values of the actual hydraulic potential characteristics of the pipes was determined. The data obtained showed that calculations using the Chézy formula ensure the highest accuracy. The A. Chézy formula was revised by introducing the concept of reduced pipe inner diameter. The dependency graph i = f (dpr) was plotted, indicating that the revised version of the A. Chézy formula gives more accurate results than the classical one. The revised A. Chézy formula is recommended for the hydraulic calculation of wastewater gravity flow networks. We proposed developing calculation tables for the hydraulic calculation of wastewater drainage flow networks with internal deposits.

At present, developing and improving low-material, energyand resource-intense technologies to manufacture concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures have become a topical issue in the construction industry. Therefore, centrifugation technology is promising. In this article, the formulation of concrete with variatropic structure was improved, and the methods for its qualitative and quantitative assessment were developed. Seven annular cross-section reference samples were manufactured and tested. Based on the test results of centrifuged concrete samples with different grain size compositions of the coarse aggregate, the empirical values of the integral and differential strength and deformation characteristics of concrete were determined. The structural and stress-strain variational efficiency coefficients were calculated and analysed. The optimal grain size composition of the coarse aggregate was determined and allows centrifuged concrete with an enhanced variatropy to be obtained, as well as the most effective coefficient of variatropic efficiency. The prospects for further enhancing the variatropy of centrifuged and reinforced concrete products and structures by improving the formulationtechnological factors were determined.

As of 1 January 2022, the transition to a closed-circuit hot-water supply in district heating systems will begin in Russia. This work proposes a methodology for assessing the consequences of this transition. The procedure is as follows: determining specific operational consumption of district water for hot water supply with manual direct water intake when the outside temperature changes; developing the required mode of closed hot-water supply; analysis of the practically possible mode of manual consumption in the heat supply system; determining the operational specific consumption of hot-water supply in manual hot water systems with direct water intake, including the characteristics of the heat supply source; calculating the flow rate of direct water for water circulation in manual hot water supply systems; analysing the hydraulic regime before and after the transition to a closed circuit; offering recommendations. The method for assessing the consequences associated with the transition to a closedcircuit hot-water supply in district heating systems showed that the amount of make-up water consumption from a heat source is affected by a change in the actual consumption of hot-water supply and the temperature of cold and hot water. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is no technical possibility of an overall transition to a closed circuit. To prepare technical reports and performance charts, it is recommended to use the actual values of heat consumption for the hydraulic calculations; to use the metered values and consider a significant number of manual hot-water supply systems in calculating the hot-water supply consumption standard; to include the loss of heat energy on heating towel rails, domestic losses of building services systems under a four-pipe heat supply system in the distribution pricing.

Interest in underfloor heating systems has been increasing steadily. The structures based on film heating elements are of particular importance among these systems, as they can adjust their resistance depending on the temperature. In this paper, the operating conditions of underfloor heating systems are investigated, and a methodology for assessing their safety under various operating conditions is developed. Currently, in order to obtain licensing for the "underfloor heating" systems, they are examined by standard methods. Applying new technologies for assessing the safety of these systems requires novel approaches that imply conditions close to actual operation. The authors assembled a testing stand with a polymer heating element on a thermal insulation cover, closed with linoleum. Laboratory research was carried out using the TPM 138 "OVEN" device, which recorded the temperature throughout the entire volume of the stand. The research results on the distribution of temperature fields recorded by the device during the extreme operation of the "underfloor heating" system are as follows. A dangerous situation is set, which can lead to a fire when the surface is covered with polyester batting material and exposed to additional mechanical stimuli. It was also found that, with insufficient heat transfer, electrical insulation was violated, leading to electric shock. Currently, self-regulating polymer heating elements should be used under additional control, avoiding extreme operation modes. Experiments demonstrated that it is necessary to develop guidelines for services, installation and operation of such systems.

The paper examines the analytical stage (stage 2) performed during the formation of an integrated analytical model to assess the typological structure of the Don River coastal area within the Rostov region. An evaluation method for coastal territories within their structural characteristics is proposed. The substantiation stage (stage 1) of the complex analytical model allowed the goals and objectives of the coastal area analysis to bedefined. The existing problems in the coastal area of the Don River within the stanitsa Strocherkasskaya were identified. The object and subject of investigation were defined in the complex analytical model. The research object is the coastal area of the Don River located in the stanitsa Starocherkasskaya between Beregovaya and Malosadovaya streets. The research subject is the architectural and structural patterns of the coastal area development from the 1930s up to the present. A complex coastal area analysis comprises dividing all its phases into two levels: global and local. Ultimately, by applying this method, the current state can be investigated and an analytical model built for a coastal area to provide recommendations for its preservation and improvement.

On the eve of the 190^th anniversary of the Institute of Civil Engineers, it is necessary to bethink of its graduates who significantly contributed to the development of Russian architecture, engineering art, engineering and technology in the late 19th–early 20th centuries. A versatile specialist in the field of architecture, construction and engineering, L.P. Shishko is one of them, and his creative biography is discussed in this article. The research was based on evaluating archival sources, the bibliographic heritage of the architect. Designed and erected by L.P. Shishko, the buildings were analysed, and the basic principles of their space-planning, engineering and technological solutions were revealed. A prominent representative of a galaxy of architects, civil engineer Lev Petrovich Shishko was ready to solve new problems of architecture and civil engineering: developing new solutions for structural systems, increasing the efficiency of construction operations and the quality of construction, engineering systems and production equipment. The project-building activities of L.P. Shishko included the erection of the Nikolaevsk railway, religious institutions, schools and other general educational institutions, revenue and private houses, industrial facilities in various Russian cities. Architect, engineer, technologist, scientist and teacher, L.P. Shishko had various professions in the field of civil engineering. Through the example of his career, one can see how fundamentally civil engineer L.P. Shishko approached each architectural and technological task.

Irkutsk is a city where an original wooden building of the 19th–early 20th centuries have been preserved. Wooden streets and entire city blocks are a cultural heritage that increases interest in the capital of Eastern Siberia from historical and architectural perspectives. However, the life span of wooden structures is short. Thus, wooden development, characteristic of Siberian cities for decades, is on the verge of extinction. At present, the preservation and restoration of such architectural monuments have become increasingly important. The paper discusses the problems of restoration and relocation of a wooden house, previously located in Irkutsk, Gavrilov street, 3. This building is on the List of Immovable Cultural Monuments, which can only be transferred to another site in exceptional cases following the existing legislation. We considered the stages of project development, the cultural and historical context in history and archives research, restoration methods necessary to reproduce the original appearance of a wooden heritage object, its transportation to the historical block. The analysis of restoration and relocation of the historical and cultural monument built in the early 20th century allows us to draw the following conclusion. In this particular situation, the only correct decision for saving the historic monument was its transfer to the related environment of the regenerated 130 Kvartal in Irkutsk.

The paper discusses the experience and trends in the design and construction of residential buildings using large prefabricated panels, including a shape-generating factor of residential areas in the city. In the seismic regions of the Russian Federation and the Irkutsk region, in particular, the construction, reconstruction and renovation of large-panel housing have become of particular relevance owing to state programmes to increase the stability of residential buildings and basic and life-support infrastructure. The domestic and foreign experience in construction using large panels allows the information to be systematised and several aspects of the study to be highlighted: a) stylistic and planning methods for developing residential buildings; b) the variability of the architectural form making of residential buildings following social demand and economic potential; c) industrial construction methods, reflecting the technical achievements of a certain period; d) using conventional tools to create a structure, arrangement and texture of facades; e) seismic capacity of buildings depending on site conditions and construction period. The results indicate that old prefabricated large-panel buildings have significant physical and seismic deterioration and rarely meet technical, social and aesthetic requirements; therefore, reconstruction or renovation is necessary. Experimental data evidences the following. Developing and improving the construction technologies of residential buildings using prefabricated or on-site produced large panels, state-of-the-art construction technologies, a variety of construction and finish materials, tools of architectural modelling will overcome the uniformity of existing residential buildings and buildings under construction. They also ensure good construction quality, a high level of energy efficiency and seismic capacity in mass housing construction.

This work aimed to develop a schematic design of an orthodox church, based on complex prior design studies, with improved surrounding grounds. The church should meet orthodox canons and requirements of modern architecture at the level of a general layout and a single object. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: an on-site survey using geoinformation systems of the future construction site at Lake Sugomak in Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk region; a study of regulatory documents; a comparative analysis of religious architecture in Russia and abroad to determine the canons of Orthodox architecture; selection of an optimal solution based on a multivariate design with environmental improvement and landscape gardening of the surrounding grounds. Local conditions were examined, the traffic management and climate characteristics of the territory were determined. Owing to the instruments of modern architectural science, a unique design solution of a minimalist church was elaborated, following all urban and architectural requirements. With the erection of a temple complex, which blends seamlessly into the landscape, the designed territory will acquire a compositionally complete and contemporary appearance. The architectural solution presented can be used in designing Orthodox temples in other regions of Russia, as well as in nearand far-abroad countries.