In the conditions of transition to the digital economy, overcoming import dependence in the field of software becomes the most urgent goal for all participants in ensuring the country’s technological sovereignty. At present, the activities in a number of areas need to be streamlined and synchronized. These include, for example, strategic planning of digitalization, coordination of developers’ activities, ensuring their interaction with users, creating a system for their multi-user distributed collaboration, creating data converters and a common data format for the interchangeability of software products. The focusing on the use of national software products required studying the positions of the main participants of the process. The National Association of Organizations in the Field of Information Modeling Technologies conducted a survey on key issues, which resulted in the suggestions concerning the format and structure of the PromTIM digital map. The emphasis wad made on the lack of user and developer interaction mode, insufficient use of modern development practices (open-source approach, free testing, product approach, open API for development of own add-ons when creating PromTIM), lack of a stable mechanism of multiuser distributed collaborative activity for creating a digital information model, including the possibility of one-step collaboration, etc. The format and structure of the PromTIM digital map was developed.

Over the past three years, the Russian economy has developed immunity to external destabilizing factors. However, the dynamics of economic transformation that is required to achieve the goals of the national projects depends on a multitude of factors. Currently, the technological investment package that is being actively formed is focusing on large-scale issues of overcoming technological dependence and lagging behind. A structural and dynamic analysis of the investment character demonstrated the predominance of centralized budget financing, the continuing decrease in the share of private investment, and the actual absence of collective investment in microprojects. Furthermore, the study revealed the insignificant impact of investment technologies of microproject provision on creating a comfortable urban environment and the implementation of environmental projects. A complex mechanism for crowdfunding the project of using specialized equipment for food waste processing is proposed, which is scalable for application not only in multiapartment residential areas, but also in areas of historical buildings. The modern approach to stimulating investment activity involves all types of investors in investment processes that permeate all stages of project implementation at the federal, district, sub-federal, regional, territorial, city, and inner-city levels. The digital format of their implementation removes a number of obstacles to the expansion of crowdfunding, while developing dialogue modes of interaction between participants in investment processes, identifying the needs of city residents and improving not only the environment, but also the social climate of the city.

Internal stresses may occur in any technological process of manufacturing structures. In the 1930s, when welding became the major type of jointing, interest in studying these stresses intensified. Research into the strength of welded joints required elucidation of the mechanism of occurrence and development of welding stresses and deformations. The operation of industrial buildings with reinforced steel structures has shown that static loads in isolation rarely cause destruction of frame element assemblies. However, in case of prolonged exposure to dynamic loads, it is the welded joints fixing reinforcement elements that break most frequently. Residual stresses arising after various impacts on the deformed body have a significant role in determining the durability and dimensional accuracy of products. Metal with residual stresses contains areas of elastic deformations of opposite signs. When the product is cut or the surface layer is removed, macro stresses are elastically removed. The determination of residual stresses by a mechanical method is based on the measurement of the as-caused strains, which allows their magnitude and sign to be calculated. In this work, we investigate the effect of residual welding stresses on the service life of reinforced frame assemblies under dynamic loads. The analysis was carried out using numerical simulation in the Ansys software environment.

This paper examines the recycling of the clay part of the gravity tailings of zircon-ilmenite ores, which is a man-made raw material for non-ferrous metallurgy, as well as its use as a clay binder. Additionally, ash and slag waste as a leaner and burnout additive for obtaining ceramic bricks without the use of traditional natural materials are studied. A Jeol JSM 6390A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the elemental chemical composition and microstructure of the raw materials. Petrographic studies of the raw materials were analyzed using immersion liquids, transparent sections, and polished sections under a MIN-8 and MIN-7 microscope. The clay part of the tailings of zircon-ilmenite ores was used as a binder for the ceramic brick production process, and ash and slag waste were used as a leaner and burnout additive. The classic technology of brick production is considered including crushing, mixing, plastic molding, drying, and firing of bricks. A growth of the most important indicators of ceramic bricks was found when introducing up to 20% of ash and slag waste into the compositions of ceramic masses. Moreover, the plasticity of the batch reduces from 22 to 9 with an increase in the content of ash and slag waste from 10% to 30%. As it contributes to the formation of cracks on the surface of the brick during its molding, 20% of ash and slag waste is concluded to be the optimal composition for M125 bricks.

The present article compares grades of cellular concrete in terms of sorption moisture as a significant performance characteristics of building materials for enclosing structures. The studies conducted in accordance with GOST 12852.6 used D400, D600, and D800 non-autoclaved cellular microsilica concrete, as well as D500 and D600 autoclaved aerated concrete. During the study, sorption isotherms of cellular concrete were plotted for the relative air humidity range of 57–100%. According to the conducted experiments, the relative air humidity growing from 57 to 100% increases the sorption moisture of non-autoclaved cellular concrete with an average density of 400, 600, and 800 kg/m³ by 3.67, 5.58, and 5.37 times, respectively. For autoclaved aerated concrete samples with an average density of 500 kg/m³ and 600 kg/m³, the increase is 10.85 and 10.69 times, respectively. The obtained results have proved the value of sorption moisture depending less on the average density of cellular concrete as compared to the density and water resistance of interpore partitions, which are most affected by the hardening conditions of cellular concrete.

As an object of computer simulation, a three-dimensional sphere is used in many areas of contemporary science and technology due to its convenience, simplicity, and versatility. An increased number of parameters for contemporary models complicates the limiting area of simulation parameters to an n-dimensional sphere (n-sphere). For example, a four-dimensional sphere used in astronomy to simulate the movement of celestial bodies includes a fourth parameter of time in addition to the length, width, and height of material point movement. In other areas of science, the growing number of simulation parameters increases the dimensionality of the limiting sphere. This sets the problem of the limit number of simulation parameters for maintaining the relevance of the model. The article examines the asymptotic features of n-sphere parameters at an unlimited increase in the sphere dimensionality and number of simulation parameters. For providing an analytical solution to the problem and its numerical simulation, a hypothesis about the limited use of n-spheres for high-order models is put forward. The article may be of interest to researchers and students studying numerical simulation and infinite behavior of hyperspheres.

The present article considers the specifics of constructing oil and gas production facilities in harsh climatic conditions of permafrost soils. The construction of such facilities sharply intensifies exogenous processes in permafrost soils. Therefore, due to the negative effect of these processes on the safe operation of area and linear objects in oil and gas fields, we substantiate the importance and relevance of geotechnical monitoring as a necessary condition for ensuring the safety of technosphere during the life cycle of objects erected on permafrost soils. A definition of geotechnical monitoring is given in accordance with regulatory documents; a list of governing regulatory documents is provided. The main life cycle stages of permafrost bases and foundations are described indicating the geotechnical monitoring works for each stage. In addition to the types of object state observations during geotechnical monitoring, we consider the principles of analyzing monitoring results and applying compensatory measures. The advantages of geotechnical monitoring automation, as well as the factors hindering its implementation are outlined; the prospects for further geotechnical monitoring development are identified.

The current agenda of strategic development of the construction industry involves the comprehensive implementation of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) systems at all stages of the life cycle of a development project, rather than a separate application and compliance with environmental legislation. This is increasingly important due to the growing public attention to environmental issues, social responsibility, and effective management. The ESG concept is aimed at stimulating substantial, qualitative, economic, and technological transformations in all business processes of the developer, thus ensuring continuous compliance with sustainable development goals throughout the entire life cycle of the project. Following this concept, the development business in Russia will be provided with economic and technological sovereignty in strategic positioning. Accordingly, this paper performs an ESG assessment of the OOO SZ “KSI Stroy” company using the ACRA methodology. On the basis of the results obtained, recommendations on implementing the ESG concept in the business processes of developer companies are provided. The economic efficiency of the ESG concept implementation was assessed in order to determine its impact on the cost of development projects. The results prove the expediency of applying the ESG concept at all stages of the life cycle of development projects, which will increase the future value of the project.

This paper aims to study the energy efficiency of apartment buildings of Soviet typical construction as well as to develop a list of characteristics for improving the methods for typification of technological solutions for planning programs for energy-efficient major repairs of the housing stock. Existing methods for classifying the housing stock in the formation of standard packages of technological solutions for increasing energy efficiency during capital repairs were analyzed. A limited set of volumetric planning and design characteristics used for clustering was revealed, which leads to significant averaging within the resulting classes of objects. A study was conducted on the actual energy consumption of 183 apartment buildings of a typical series. The data for this study was obtained from heat energy metering logs. Energy efficiency classes have been defined for each of the objects. The analysis has demonstrated that there is no evident correlation between the energy efficiency class and the series (type) of the apartment building. Consequently, the development of technological solutions should be based on an extended list of actual energy efficiency characteristics, such as energy consumption, thermal conductivity of the enclosing structures, and air permeability, supplemented by qualitative data (including application records or resident survey results). It was found that the energy efficiency class of houses varies depending on the change in the average annual ambient air temperature. This indicates the need to take into account weather conditions during the period of the survey of the energy efficiency of buildings. A list of characteristics of the energy efficiency of buildings for the selection of technological solutions and implementation in energy-efficient major repair programs was developed.

This paper analyzes aims and objectives requiring management decisions at all life-cycle stages of a construction object. The concept of life cycle is elucidated, and its distinctive characteristics are given. Modern conceptual approaches to working with the life cycle of a real estate property are presented. The paper also presents topical aspects of improving the efficiency of life-cycle management of capital construction objects, the main function of which consists in providing safe and citizen-friendly environment as well as assisting the government in fulfilling its priority tasks. These tasks include modernization of the economy, improvement of its efficiency and competitiveness, and long-term sustainable development. The life-cycle structure of an object and each life-cycle stage are analyzed: time periods during which engineering works are made; architectural design and passing an examination; construction and start-up; operation and maintenance; reconstruction; total building renovation; demolition and utilization of a capital construction object (liquidation for production sites). The cost range of a finished property is observed. An objective description of the economic life of a real estate property is given. Development strategies in the field of real estate management are identified. Tactical approaches to all stages of the life cycle concerning the interaction of management decisions at each stage are described.

Each year, a large amount of solid municipal waste is generated globally. Most of this waste is brought to disposal sites, which takes land resources out of circulation, pollutes soils, groundwater, and atmospheric air, and has a negative impact on flora and fauna. Therefore, recycling of consumer waste becomes one of the most urgent issues of environmental protection and resource conservation. Road construction is a promising area of reuse of solid municipal waste. Glass and plastic waste make up about 17% of all waste generated in Russia. Meanwhile, glass and plastic waste are suitable for the production of materials with high physical and mechanical characteristics. In road construction, glass waste can be used as a filler in asphalt concrete mixtures, as a component of concrete mixtures, as a reinforcement and stabilization material for clay soils, as well as in the production of paints. Plastic waste can be used in asphalt concrete and concrete mixtures, for soil stabilization. Among the key issues preventing their effective and large-scale use are the lack of an effective system of separate collection and sorting, the absence of large-scale studies on the use of waste in different road climatic zones, as well as the need for studies to assess the potential environmental hazards of its use in road construction.

Road traffic safety presents a common problem for urban environment. Insufficient safety measures in crosswalk areas lead to dangerous road situations. Consequently, relevant studies in ensuring pedestrian and driving safety as well as in improving urban road conditions are of importance. In this study, we set out to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing traffic management in crosswalk areas, to propose measures for its improvement, and to propose a plan and organization methods for conflict sites. Based on the conducted studies, solutions to this problem were proposed, i.e., installing additional road signs and road markings that warn of approaching crosswalks and require drivers to yield to pedestrians. In addition, crosswalk areas can be equipped with additional traffic lights controlling pedestrian and car traffic. One of the key aspects in ensuring pedestrian safety and minimizing the risk of accidents consists in determining optimal places to install crosswalks. In this regard, crosswalks of streets network in the city of Irkutsk, Russia were studied. To eliminate the problem of road congestion, we proposed a technical solution implying a reconstruction of a typical problematic road intersection.

In Russia, the number of architects per population remains lower compared to other countries. While the desire for architectural and creative education can be traced back to a young age, a specialist can be qualified as an architect only after three years of work experience in a design organization and passing a qualification exam. Therefore, the process of training architects should be initiated as early as at the school level. The existing architecture schools and additional education organizations have been formed spontaneously; they are located in unsuitable premises. This study examines the patterns of forming the spatial structure of architectural schools of additional education through the analysis of architectural schools worldwide. Using the methods of architectural analysis and studying the experience of Russian and foreign schools, we formulate a concept built on six topological schemes for designing the space of additional education schools. The main trends in architectural and art education in Russia are revealed. The problem of additional architectural education is thoroughly considered. The developed schemes and layouts may serve as a conceptual basis for architectural design.

This paper aims to analyze the possibilities of developing sequentially learning neural networks in the context of industrial architecture design. The study revealed a lack of empirical data on the application of neural network methods to automate the creation of architectural models of industrial objects in the modern information environment. Moreover, available studies are limited to a general description of the problem, offering no comprehensive solutions. The applied methods are based on training neural networks using images; however, they are adapted for modeling autonomous behavior in architectural design. The proposed standards stipulate that algorithmically controlled neural networks serve as a tool to facilitate subsequent design, rather than being a source of knowledge. Theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted to develop new engineering design techniques to create a model of autonomous behavior in architecture. The results demonstrate that the integration of engineering design with neural network methods contributes to the standardization of design processes, increasing functional efficiency and quality of realized objects. The developed methods can be used at early design stages to switch from conventional visual approaches to the use of algorithmically controlled models, which offer opportunities for engineering design automation.

The paper presents the findings of studies into the location of Orthodox churches and its impact on the street network in the central historical part of Irkutsk, considering the transition from wooden to stone churches over time. The previous studies concerning the historical development of urban space are reflected in the paper. In addition, the study examines distinctive features of street and intersection reconfiguration associated with close proximity to church buildings that occurred in the second half of the 18^th century. By the time the first city plan was approved in 1792, the building lines of city blocks were supposedly established with a setback from the walls of stone churches toward the roadway, while the majority of streets were aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the adjacent church. Additionally, the study analyzes the spatial transformations of environment around stone churches constructed in the 18^th century, mostly preserved to the present day. The paper reviews the visibility and viewpoints of churches within the diverse urban landscape of Irkutsk, using the Church of St. Haralambos as a case study. It can be concluded that stone Orthodox churches, representing stylistic transition from Ancient Russian to Ustyug and Irkutsk Baroque, create a unique architectural ensemble in the form of a closed ring along the outer contour of the central historical area. The paper introduces a cartographic representation for the route of approximately eight kilometers.