In recent years, much attention has been paid to the problems of resource manoeuvring, innovating activity, factor space development and efficient public administration. The latter is increasingly gravitating towards a planned format, setting strategic goals for regions, sectors and spheres of Russian economy. The main factor in achieving success becomes their coherence in terms of volume, time and resources. The present study outlines directions for transforming the construction industry in Russia under the modern conditions of human capital adaptation. Among the most pressing tasks are those aimed at saving people, structuring and developing human potential, strengthening sovereignty and ensuring the security of state development. The connection between resource limitations and increasing external pressure requires the use of breakthrough creative solutions and novel economic hybrid and multi-stage methods. The acceleration of launching the investment  cycle  of  the  new  technological  mode  is  impossible  without  coordinating  economic interests of all economic parties involved in restarting the investment cycle. The conducted analysis of different viewpoints showed that strategic development should rely on not only public capital, but also private capital, thus forming a creative, economically sustainable and investor-friendly business environment. The formation of such an environment for investment and construction activities will require, in addition to specifying a range of measures capable of fully realizing the objectives of national projects, the introduction of efficient methods for resolving economic disputes, which are capable of preventing the escalation of conflicts among construction participants.

The article describes a methodology for optimising the costs associated with managing the process of civil engineering construction during the design and implementation of the construction management plan (CMP). The general construction technology is determined by a sequence of particular activities using construction equipment and qualified executive specialists. The costs of the work performed by technical and labour resources, together with the costs for enabling these works at the construction site, compose the total costs of construction companies. These costs are covered by the cost estimation documentation of a constructed facility. This article proposes an economic and mathematical model for optimising the volume of these costs during the development and implementation of CMP sections. The developed model is used for assessing the costs associated with constructing a residential building, considering various patterns of the used technical and labour resources. Conclusions on the dynamics of changes in the costs for this building are formulated, along with the effect of construction period on the volume of construction costs.

This article reviews publications investigating accidents at buildings and civil engineering structures. According to the conducted analysis, such publications commonly describe the circumstances of specific accidents, rather than identify their causes. Classifications of accident causes are often published without disclosing the information sources. No publications have been found on assessing the impact of the human factor, including design errors, rolled metal defects, poor -quality manufacturing or installation, as well as violations of the operational rules. In the majority of publications, outdated methods are used for analysing and processing data on accidents. In order to improve the current situation, organizational and methodological measures are proposed. The importance of using the methods of systems analysis and content analysis for searching and processing information is substantiated. It is shown that the main conditions for accident prevention involve strict compliance with reliability requirements at the design, constructional, and operational stages, organization of the maintenance service of structures, their timely inspection, as well as preventive and overhaul repairs. In this regard, the accumulation of statistical data on damages and accidents, grouped according to a unified scientifically-based methodology, appears to be of great importance. It is proposed to create a unified form for data representation on accidents that should be placed on web portals in open access for the purpose of its continuous replenishment.

The study is aimed at justifying the adequacy of a previously developed mathematical model of water sampling and flow distribution to the probabilistic processes taking place in water supply and distribution systems (WSDS), as well as the validity of using the developed model for describing the WSDS operational process. At present, the design of such systems is subject to severe requirements, including the reliability of consumer supply and the cost efficiency of WSDS operation. WSDS meeting these requirements can be created based on the analysis of existing WSDS, considering the effect of various external factors. A key aspect in such an analysis is probabilistic water sampling as the process determining the operation of the entire system. According to water sampling combinations of various WSDS units, the procedure of flow distribution was carried out. Using the same WSDS, a sampling-based distribution of flows according to the presented method was performed. The probabilistic parameters of WSDS operation for the considered options were obtained and compared with the results of hydraulic calculations. The obtained parameters showed good agreement. In comparison with other methods, the described probabilistic model of WSDS operation is characterized by operational simplicity and cost efficiency due to the small number of operations. The previously developed mathematical model of sampling and flow distribution according to the studied method can be used for describing WSDS operational processes and assessing the reliability of water supply to consumers.

The article considers the forensic construction and technical audit of infrastructural facilities. Issues related to utilities, as well as the main characteristics of infrastructural facilities and their purpose, are analysed. Each construction and technical audit procedure is carried out in certain conditions and locations, taking the regulations of the civil procedural legislation into account. Based on the court ruling, the expert independently conducts a full survey of the case materials and documents, gives reasonable and objective answers to the set questions, and draws up a conclusion in written form. Cases of utilities related both to infrastructural capital construction and auxiliary facilities are considered. It is concluded that the movable or immovable property of the facility plays an important role in determining respective actions. Using the list of characteristics for determining this property, further activities in relation to the infrastructural facility can be affected. Representing the finished infrastructural facility, the utility networks relate to real estate objects, thus having independent functional (economic) purpose. Their construction is provided for by the design documentation and performed on the basis of properly approved regulatory documents. The provided criteria for considering the infrastructural facility both in terms of a real estate object and an auxiliary facility are recommended for application in the construction and technical audit of infrastructural facilities.

Reduction of environmental risks involved with the operation of public utilities in the Baikal natural territory presents a relevant research task. The safety operation of sewerage systems can be ensured by minimising the risk of emergencies related to the volley of sewage. In this study, we assess the rate of possible environmental damage from emergencies in sewerage systems as a result of their high wear and insufficient capacity. We provide a calculation of the prevented environmental damage during the reconstruction of the sewerage system in the territory of Irkutsk. In the conducted numerical investigations, technical indices of the operating sewers are accepted taking into account their capacity and natural-climatic factors of the Baikal natural territory. According to the results obtained, the total indicator of the prevented environmental and economic damage during the reconstruction of the sewerage system comprises 273.24337 thousand roubles (in prices for 2022). The reconstruction of sewers in the territory of Irkutsk will lead to a decrease in the volume of sewage discharges into the water bodies of the Baikal natural territory.

This article considers the problem of increasing the efficiency of construction companies by implementing new approaches to improving organizational structures and construction management methods, such as building information modelling (BIM) and lean construction (LC). A review of existing LC methods is carried out, describing such specific methodologies, as long-term planning, planning obligations, minimizing resource overruns, workflow reliability and project management. Strategies and supporting  mechanisms  for  the  implementation  of  efficient  processes  on  construction  sites  for companies with the functions of general contractor are also considered. The application of lean construction, pull planning in particular, increases the efficiency of communication between the participants  of  the  construction  process.  The  concurrent  use  of  LC  and  BIM  methods  allows construction costs to be reduced. The LC-based BIM technology can be applied in design, construction and project management throughout the entire life cycle of a construction project.

In connection with the Decree of the RF Government No. 1431 dated September 15, 2020, and the approval of the action plan (roadmap) for the development of the construction industry in Russia, the use of software systems for three-dimensional modelling in the design of residential and public buildings funded by federal and municipal funds has become a necessity. When designing engineering systems for such buildings, the Revit software package allows the thermal performance of heating facilities to be calculated based on an information model in automatic mode. In this regard, a comparative assessment of automated and manual calculations performed in accordance with the regulatory documentation adopted in Russia is required in order to identify the possibility of their use for designing efficient heating systems. On the example of a one-story residential building located in the city of Irkutsk, the thermal performance of the heating system was calculated using both the Revit software package and according to the generally accepted methodology. A comparative analysis of the results showed the insufficient accuracy of automated calculations. Therefore, the use of automated calculations can lead to the overestimated capital costs of construction and energy consumption of the building. The reasons for this inaccuracy may be associated with a lack of attributive information about the families of windows and doors developed by manufacturers. As a result, the software package fails to perceive these families as part of the constructive component of the information model.  However, the possibility of a system error in the Revit software package, which may distort further calculations, should not be ignored.

In this work,  we  identify  the  key  challenges  hampering  the  implementation  of  the Construction 4.0 concept when performing the quality control of construction projects. The research methodology involved a comprehensive study of the Construction 4.0 concept, which is applied in domestic and foreign practice for supporting quality control processes in construction. An integrated approach to the analysis and accounting of all factors affecting construction quality management was applied. Construction industries in different countries are undergoing massive transformations, shifting from traditional design and construction methods towards innovative ways of managing construction projects based on the use of digital technologies. The need for the introduction of these technologies is recognized by many subjects of the Russian construction industry, recognized at the state level and supported by a large number of national projects and development strategies. Such problematic aspects, as the distortion of the information necessary for the implementation of a construction project, the increase in the time and cost of this process, the lack of proper quality control of industrial and civil facilities, have necessitated a transition towards digital technologies for the design of buildings and structures. The trend of digitalizing the construction industry, including the provision of quality control processes, predetermines the need to develop a scientific and methodological basis for the theory of managing the introduction of advanced technologies. The paper describes the implementation of the Construction 4.0 concept in the context of organizing quality control processes in construction. An analysis of practical examples of digital ecosystems allowed the authors to develop methodological foundations for the implementation of an integrated quality management system based on information modelling technologies, which could facilitate the digital transformation of the industry.

The article compares approaches to fatigue effect assessment using standard methods of calculating the strength of reinforced concrete members under the action of bending moments and longitudinal forces. A numerical experiment was carried out using the probabilistic forecast of the change in the strength of variously reinforced beams after cyclic effects of moderate intensity. The calculations performed according to ultimate force methods and nonlinear deformation models are provided using statistically representative experimental data on the concrete strength and deformation properties prior to and following 50 cycles of mechanical impacts with a 0.8 amplitude and zero asymmetry. Two series of concrete prismatic samples (100 × 100 × 400 mm) were tested. The Instron 5989 complex was used for automated loading of samples with the constant deformation rate and continuous recording of controlled parameters along all directions. A numerical experiment was conducted for beams of a rectangular cross-section (b × h = 100 × 200 mm) with a various level of one-sided reinforcement (А400, µ = 1–6%). It is established that predicting and controlling the effects of fatigue processes should be carried out using the criteria of nonlinear deformation models.

When designing urban water supply and sewerage systems, the substantiation of pipeline diameters and velocities of the fresh and sewage water should be carried out. The existing approaches and  regulatory  requirements  provided  in  SP  31.13330.2012  consider  economic  factors  in  terms  of reduced costs for the construction and operation of water supply and sewerage systems. However, according to GOST R 587885-2019, the design option should be selected on the basis of its life cycle costs (LLC). In this regard, an LLC-based methodology for calculating the optimal values of pipeline diameters and velocities of the fresh and sewage water in pipelines is proposed. The study specifies the LLC of pipeline water supply and sewerage systems in the form of the flow rate and velocity functions of the transported fresh and sewage water. The first LLC derivative in terms of velocity is taken and set equal to zero. Further, the equation is solved relative to the velocity. As a result, formulas for calculating optimal pipeline velocity values for the fresh and sewage water relative to their LLC are obtained. The conducted numerical experiments demonstrate that the optimal values of fresh and sewage water velocities depend on the values of flow rate and electricity cost, as well as the number of years in the life cycle of water supply and sewerage systems. It is proposed to amend Appendix B of SP 31.13330.2012 by adding a substantiation of pipeline diameters based on the LLC of water supply and sewerage systems.

The creation of favourable conditions for work and residence of rural people, including their provision with electrical equipment, is a priority task for any state. The developmental trends of crop growing and livestock farming in a particular area should be determined based on relevant statistical data about the living conditions and income level of rural residents. This information should be used to assess the needs of the population in specialised electrical equipment. In order to meet the future demand in agricultural products, new technologies – more efficient and inexpensive in installation and operation – are required. The article presents a research study into the development of the Republic of Buryatia. In accordance with the geographical location and national traditions, corporate and peasant farms, as well as individual entrepreneurs in the Republic develop mainly in the field of crop growing, while household farms prevail in the field of livestock farming. In addition, in the field of milk and dairy production, household farms are indisputable leaders. On the basis of the performed analysis, a conclusion is made that the needs of the Republic’s population in industrial equipment used for thermal treatment of cereal crops, including grain drying and storage, will definitely increase. Since it is house-hold farms that make the largest contribution to the level of agricultural production in the Republic of Buryatia, industrial and semi-industrial direct-flow water heaters will be in greater demand. Therefore, R&D works should be carried out to develop new models of electrothermal equipment designed for the application in rural areas.

This research aims to identify the principles of developing ecological parks in terms of their integration into the urban structure. Relevant informational materials and scientific publications devoted to modern urban parks were investigated. On the example of the parks built in Baotou сity (Inner Mongolia, China), including the Renmin Baotou, Nanhai Park and Saihantala Ecological Park, specific features of planning and integrating these entities into the urban context were defined. The principles of forming ecological city parks were classified, including: adaptation of the park to local conditions; overall planning of its basic elements; orientation towards bringing people closer to each other and to nature. Key trends in the development of modern urban parks were revealed. The influence of the following groups  of  factors  was  established:  historical,  regional  and  cultural;  functional  and  behavioural; landscape and ecological. In terms of urban construction and development, the three elements  – nature, city and people – are closely intertwined, influencing each other and constituting an organic whole. The establishment of ecological parks in a city contributes towards improving its environment and residents’ health. At the same time, in order to meet future demands, the park’s thematic scope and structure should agree with the city’s urban development strategy. Therefore, when constructing a city park, the strategy of its urban planning should be taken into account.