The paper analyzes the structure and overview of real estate object location in the non-core assets of the enterprises of the aircraft industry on the example of The United Aircraft Corporation (Russia). The study aims to identify the economic benefits in the management of non-core assets. In particular, some qualitative and quantitative features of the asset structure were determined. Using the cartographic method, a high concentration of assets in some regions of Russia was noted, which is visually represented in the form of geographical maps. In the context of identifying trends in the property complex management, the entire resource base of the Russian aircraft industry was assessed. Some of the trends were found to be related to geographical, historical peculiarities as well as to human resources. The data posted on the official website of United Aircraft Corporation PJSC were used for the study. The results and some conclusions of this work can further serve as a more detailed analysis of the composition of the aircraft industry assets. Moreover, in order to form a management strategy for the resource base in terms of excess non-core assets, it is possible to assess the dependence of the asset structure on the enterprise type and the volume of manufactured products, its cost as an indicator of qualitative characteristics, as well as to determine correlations and average sufficiency to cover the needs of civil and aerospace aviation.

Evapotranspiration is an integral part of the Earth system studies, but it is challenging to measure it on regional scales. One estimation technique is a terrestrial water budget, i.e., total precipitation minus the sum of evapotranspiration and net runoff equals the change in water storage. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravity observations are now enabling the closure of this equation by providing information on the terrestrial water storage changes. The main objective of this study was to estimate human induced evapotranspiration (HET) using the water budget and Remote Sensing-Based Vegetation Interface Processes (VIP-RS) model. We compare VIP-RS model ET estimates with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite-based estimates in the intensively managed Lake Baikal basin. The GRACE-based ET (0,534–133,570 mm/yr.), considerably higher than VIP-RS ET (0–94,319 mm/yr.), agrees well with existing estimates found in the literature and indicates that human activities contribute to an increase in ET. The evaluated uncertainty of monthly precipitation, runoff, GRACE based terrestrial water storage, ET-GRACE, and VIP-RS is 1,56, 0,04, 1,3, 0,89, and 0,8 km³ month^-1, respectively. The differences may be utilized as an indicator of water management impacts on ET. We argue that satellite-based ET should yield larger seasonal amplitudes in the lake basin due to the impacts of anthropogenic activities. To date, no such investigation has been available in the existing literature for the Lake Baikal basin. Therefore, the adopted approaches for HET and its result will be regarded as a new and honest contribution to the Lake Baikal basin.

This paper focuses on the risk assessment of design faults which can be made in design documentation thus leading to significant damage and reduced construction efficiency. The data on statistics of the remarks made at the stage of design expertise are given. The steps of risk management at different stages of design, as well as types of risks are described. A method is proposed to analyze the risks of design faults involving the analysis of the types, consequences, and criticality of failures. In this method, the frequency of faults, their significance, and the probability of their detection are scored. Additionally, the probability of a fault can be pre-determined by a sample of specific types of objects or accepted by expert judgment. By multiplying the scores, the value of the complex (priority) risk of design fault is found and the risk level is assigned. For this purpose, the complex risk is compared with the boundary value of the priority risk number (PRN) and then classified as high, medium, or low. The risk level is determined by estimates of the frequency and significance of design faults. According to the risk level the measures significant for design quality management can be assigned. Criteria for assigning scores as well as management measures for each level of complex risk are proposed. Risk assessment for the main high-risk design faults has been performed. As a result, the method can be used to form a list of critical design faults, to justify control and preventive measures, as well as optimize the design process for increasing the quality of projects.

Operation of centralized wastewater disposal systems requires not only technical, but also organizational measures. The efficiency of these measures can be assessed by increasing the quality of wastewater treatment. The analysis of operation of facilities in the northern conditions and the zone of sharply continental climate demonstrates a number of issues that require urgent solution. According to the studies of biological wastewater treatment in such conditions, a comprehensive approach should be taken, considering climatic parameters and conditions of their operation, along with technological features of wastewater treatment plants. The paper considers the performance indicators of two water treatment plants located in the northern districts of Irkutsk Oblast. Insufficient wastewater treatment for some pollutants was revealed. A complex analysis was carried out, which identified a number of possible causes of exceeded concentrations of pollutants. Maximum permissible concentrations set for fishery water bodies were used as normative indicators. In order to provide a more complete and in-depth analysis, each stage of treatment should be evaluated according to the implemented scheme in accordance with the project and the developed technological regulations, and the optimal parameters and wastewater analyses should be specified step-by-step. A preliminary analysis resulted in a number of measures to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment and to justify the introduction of a system for the quality control of wastewater discharged by consumers.

The Rosstat data shows a steady increase in the volume of residential premises being put into operation. Notably, the number of individual housing units has grown significantly, and the total area of multifamily buildings commissioned in 2023 reached a record high in the Russian Federation. A multifamily building is considered as a complex structure composed of individual apartment units, engineering systems, stairwells, elevators, attics, basements, and other structural elements. Property owners lack knowledge about the parameters and features of their residential premises, locations of load-bearing structures, and critical engineering systems. In most cases, residents do not seek assistance from specialized organizations for developing a renovation or reconfiguration project. Transformations may lead to changes in loads on the supporting structures and other systems, thereby providing certain risk for the entire residential building. In order to prevent serious consequences, the present paper suggests the “Residential Premise Operation Guideline” that outlines key parameters and recommendations to be introduced. In the long term, it should reduce the likelihood of emergency situations caused by the actions of the owners.

The intensification of the operational efficiency of water intake wells, their reliability and safety for the population are considered relevant in terms of the operational practice of water supply systems for urban areas. Due to the lack of regulatory and legislative frameworks for water intake wells, inadequate maintenance protocols, as well as untimely routine and major repairs, many of these wells operate inefficiently, become clogged, and prematurely come out of action. A considerable percentage of non-functional wells are put into conservation without any restoration. Instead, new wells are drilled, causing significant harm to the environment and the earth's interior. In order to restore non-functional wells and enhance the efficiency of those still in operation, it is essential to investigate the processes that lead to the substantial accumulation of sediment, and to identify methods for their removal and prevention. The construction of water intake wells involves casing pipes and wire or mesh filters, which consist of frameworks with slot openings of various diameters. All components are made of steel, and are thus susceptible to corrosion and biofouling. They exhibit low efficiency, reliability, and durability. Important indicators include consideration of the material composition of sediments, their structural and mineralogical characteristics, as well as the mechanisms of sediment formation. The paper presents the results of the investigation of chemical, physicochemical, biological, and bacteriological clogging of water intake well filters, as well as discovers the mechanisms of these processes, develops diagnostic tools, introduces new technologies and systems for the restoration of non-functional wells, and, finally, provides guidelines for their effective operation.

The paper presents an algorithm to control deformations of metal structure supports caused by force and temperature effects. The study involved investigating the influence of these factors on the overall stress-strain state of the structure. A proposed methodology is based on numerical experiments, which include the creation of an information model of the structure, integration of data on temperature and force effects into it, and finite element analysis. Based on this data, corrective measures are introduced to control displacements using damping devices. The study reveals the effect of temperature loads on deformations of structures and proposes methods for their control. The suggested method using building information modeling and active displacement control systems enhances the reliability and durability of structures. The integration of modern technologies, including active dampers and adaptive structures, shows high potential for real-time deformation control. The successful application of such technologies requires thorough testing in order to further adapt them to specific conditions and project requirements.

Intensification of wastewater treatment through the use of neutral artificial materials to create a fixed biocenosis represents a promising direction for enhancing the oxidation capacity of biological facilities utilizing multiple biocenoses. The study examines the kinetics of free-floating sludge concentration during its sedimentation on frame loading, which serves as a carrier for adsorbed sludge. The experiment was carried out in a bioreactor physical model presenting a planar transverse vertical section of an industrial bioreactor aeration tank. The study revealed a good dynamics in the formation of immobilized sludge on the frame loading, following exponential dependence. Uneven distribution of adsorbed sludge by loading volume is attributed to hydrodynamic flows in the cross-section of the aerated facility with a laterally positioned fine-bubble aerator. The efficiency of air medium-bubble regeneration of sludge immobilized on the frame loading was found to account for approximately 96%. The kinetics of biochemical oxygen consumption under aerobic conditions passes through four phases: no changes in sludge adaptation; exponential decrease; deceleration in the rate of biochemical oxygen consumption decrease and self-oxidation of sludge under endogenous respiration at constant minimum value of biochemical oxygen consumption. The results show a dependence of the dynamics of the wastewater treatment rate on the selected phases of change in biochemical oxygen consumption. The dependence exhibits an extreme character with a maximum in the zone corresponding to the activity of floating sludge and sludge formed on the frame loading.

Dangerous geological processes such as landslides, mudflows, rockfalls, and bank erosion are observed in many regions of Russia. This paper aims to expand the classification of works on engineering protection of highway sections from hazardous geological processes to reduce the risk of emergencies. The issues of engineering protection of highways are considered, as well as the principles (conditions) formed in the process of their construction, which provide for timely organizational and constructive decisions at the stages of design and subsequent operation. According to the Decree of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 402 dated November 16, 2012, the following classification of works was approved: overhaul, repair of highways, maintenance works of highways. Not only designing new means of engineering protection of highways, but also maintaining the proper functioning of existing ones is relevant for specialists in the field of road construction. A list of recommended measures is designed to ensure reliable and fail-safe operation of retaining walls as well as to analyze the technical condition of landslide protection structures for subsequent measures to prevent emergencies. The present paper indicates a new type of work, i.e. preventive maintenance works, which may involve minor modifications to the retaining wall structure to strengthen it. When they are performed, overhaul of the site is not required.

This paper describes a method for building dynamic models that contain rod bending elements with distributed and concentrated inertial and stiffness parameters, and their analysis based on the harmonic element method. As a rule, the vibration effects of structures are calculated on the basis of mass discretization, although the application of such methods entails certain difficulties.

Discrete models are considered to be a priori approximations with limited possibilities of error estimation. The dynamic parameters of the model vary depending on its dimensionality as well as on the transformation methods. Numerical results with arrays and matrices of high dimensionality make it difficult to analyze and evaluate the calculation results. Therefore, structural calculations for stationary dynamic effects based on the use of elements with distributed and concentrated masses prevent the above-mentioned consequences of full discretization. However, such discrete-continuum (hybrid) dynamic models require the sewing of heterogeneous elements at the formation stage. In addition, some complications occur when solving these combined systems containing ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations. These issues can be solved by using the author's harmonic element method, implementing the nodal sewing of heterogeneous elements, as well as providing solutions as amplitudes of oscillations of the combined model nodes along certain necessary directions. The specified features of the proposed method allow us to identify it as a separate class with the name of the harmonic element method.

To ensure the normative service life of a building, structure, construction and to prevent premature reduction of technical, economic, ergonomic, aesthetic, and other characteristics of real estate objects, a specific set of engineering, organizational, economic, and other measures can be used (inspections, planning, technical regulations for maintenance, upkeep and repair, methods of studying and determining the condition of structural elements and engineering systems of buildings, structures and facilities). From the analysis of knowledge, skills, and abilities fixed in the sectoral professional standards the thesis is substantiated that the service of housing and communal services is derived from the actions of employees of enterprises of this sphere on their operation of buildings, structures, facilities, engineering equipment and networks. This paper provides justification for the formation of a new direction of training specialists to ensure effective functioning of buildings, structures, facilities at the stage of life cycle, i.e. operation. The competencies of a specialist engaged in organizing and carrying out works on maintenance of buildings, structures, and facilities are outlined.

The paper examines the fundamental approaches to the formation of regional tourist and recreational systems within urban planning theory and practice. To explore the urban planning preconditions for the territorial and spatial development of tourism in the Irkutsk region. The objectives include summarizing the theoretical principles of tourism organization in urban planning, identifying systemic factors in the development of regional tourist and recreational systems, and determining the territorial and spatial preconditions for tourism development based on an analysis of the tourist and recreational potentials of the Irkutsk region. The study provides a methodological synthesis of the foundations of tourist and recreational activities within the frameworks of territorial planning and functional-typological models of urban planning analysis, highlighting factors and evaluation indicators for the sustainable development of the spatial structure of tourism as a subsystem of regional settlement. The paper reviews the Russian practice of planning and implementing the concepts of regional tourism systems. The territorial organization of tourism and recreation in the Irkutsk region is analyzed in terms of a landscapetopological context, resource potential, and the established settlement framework. The fundamental approaches to the urban planning organization of the tourist and recreation system of the Irkutsk region are presented in terms of the planning structure of the framework as a hierarchically subordinate system of the main, secondary and auxiliary axes based on transport, historical-cultural and naturalresource contexts. The paper introduces a proposal for organizing extra-framework (zonal) elements of the system, establishing the background for tourism development and nature conservation based on strict nature reserves of federal, regional, and local significance.

The present comprehensive study investigates the architectural and urban development of the Southern Baikal region, focusing on the defining conceptual role of the natural framework and historically established transit trade routes. The study is aimed at identifying traditional and innovative opportunities for transforming and optimizing residential areas, as well as at determining their formative trends under unique natural and climatic conditions. The paper is based on the analysis of specific urban planning factors within a multi-component discrete dynamic system of the territory, including the interaction between human activities and natural-climatic conditions throughout the historical development of the Slyudyansky District in Irkutsk Oblast. The study examines the experience of developing foreign coastal territories. The experience of Baikal territories has been studied and differentiated in the following areas: typology of natural-planning framework, typology of transport framework, typological aspects of existing development, trends in business programs, tendencies in the transformation of coastal territories. The factors of territorial-spatial system organization are determined by historically established transit trade routes in the structure of the natural framework of the Baikal region. The relevance of contemporary approaches to land use under current socio-economic conditions and the preservation and reclamation of natural conditions serve as the foundation for enhancing the quality of architecture of prospective developments and improving the structural stability under seismic conditions.

The necessity for effective and coherent integration of utilitarian industrial enterprises into the urban environment is driven by the increasing ecological and urban planning requirements of large cities regarding the development of waste disposal technologies. To develop new methods and approaches to integrating solid waste processing facilities into the structure of Tyumen, Russia. An assessment of design practices in both international and Russian contexts highlights the following contemporary methods of integration into the urban environment: functional, communicational, and aesthetic. The study demonstrates the urban planning scales of integration within a large city, spanning the urban framework, the structure of urban districts, and the architectural context of development. An experimental model was developed in the study for the integration of a waste processing facility into the historical city center, taking into account the high demands for ecological sustainability of modern technologies. This model can serve as a prototype for creating a network of industrial enterprises that also incorporate social functions. The design concept of the new facility is complemented by requirements for its integration into the surrounding landscape, utilizing terracing techniques in the configuration of primary functional volumes. As a result, the stages of development and integration of modern waste processing facilities for municipal solid waste have been identified and characterized. The paper introduces principles for their integration into the urban environment, which serve as the foundation for future changes in the architectural appearance of such enterprises within the context of large cities.

A team of architects headed by V.A. Kvach developed a preliminary design for a wooden church in a modern style in Kaliningrad. The church is designed to accommodate 300 parishioners. The study methodology involves research and comparative analysis of church architectures both in Russian and international contexts, establishing canonical approaches to temple architecture. Additionally, the project incorporates volumetric modeling and variant design solutions for the building located in the southwestern part of the city, situated on the isthmus between Ushakovsky Lagoon and Forelevy Island. These methodologies facilitated a unique preliminary design for an Orthodox church in the modern style, taking into account the urban planning conditions. The project presents an eclectic image of the church, which harmoniously integrates into the historical environment of the ancient city. The architectural complex comprises a church building, a baptistery chapel, a clergy house, and a heavenly garden. The project suggests a single-span tent-shaped temple featuring ten domes, with the central part of the building designed as an elongated octagon, adjacent to the bell tower, narthex, sanctuary, and others. The volumetric-spatial composition emphasizes two vertical focal points – the bell tower and sanctuary – which create an urban dominant. The stylistics of the Orthodox church embraces traditions of various cultures and religious denominations from the westernmost region of Russia. An ensemble development is organically integrated into the surrounding landscape. The architectural and artistic techniques employed and developed in the preliminary design can be implemented in the design process of temple projects in Russia and in many countries around the world.