The study reviews the current situation in the Russian housing construction market under declining demand and less affordable mortgage lending, sanctions and increased Central Bank key rate, as well as high inflation conditions. The study uses the methods of comparative and statistical analysis, as well as systematization of theoretical and practical material. The analysis is based on the data of 2019–2024 from the Unified Information System for Housing Construction and the Federal State Statistics Service. The federal district leaders for commissioning residential buildings are presented. In addition to the current state of housing construction and prospects for its development, we analyze the reasons for the active industrial growth independent of the pandemic, sanctions, and high inflation. The focus is on the effect of cancelled preferential mortgages, increased key rate by the Central Bank, as well as the population demand and affordable mortgage lending. The reasons for the decrease in issuance of housing mortgage loans are considered compared to previous periods. Amendments to the legislation in the construction industry are listed and commented. The performed study identifies factors negatively affecting the development of the construction industry and provides possible measures to support housing construction.

The initial premise of identifying the main trends in the development of the construction market is the decomposition of types of construction products. Its turnover is ensured by the norms and rules of functioning of market mechanisms. Their main task is to prevent a conflict of economic interests between participants in investment and construction activities and to ensure conditions for conflict-free construction in relation to all types of capital construction facilities. Statistical analysis of construction disputes makes it possible to highlight not only the methods of their resolution, but also the problem of their prevention, that is, to use preventive mechanisms to resolve contradictions in the economic interests of participants in investment and construction activities. The discussion of the problem and methodological tools for its solution made it possible to identify a number of chronic contradictions in the modern market turnover of construction products, as well as to establish basic measures to ensure the safety of the construction market, the stability of market mechanisms, the viability of market structures, ensuring social balance, the structure of inclusive business rules, etc. The practice of numerous judicial proceedings has shown that mediation consulting of participants in the real estate market at all stages of its life cycle should be institutionalized as soon as possible. In this case, non-production time losses can be eliminated, the synergy of the implementation of investment and construction cycles can be released, and the conditions for the occurrence of unfinished construction can be eliminated.

One of the most important sectors of the economy is the real estate market. The most important characteristic of location as the main price-forming factor in the market is the distance to local centers, the proximity to which increases the demand for real estate. The identification of local centers of the studied territory is an urgent task to be solved in assessment, urban planning and other types of activities. The purpose of the study was to develop a concept for defining local real estate market centers in the light of regional economics theories. The objectives of the study were to generalize the theories of regional economics as a theoretical basis for determining the local centers of the regional real estate market, as well as to develop a concept for determining the local centers of the real estate market based on the results obtained. Based on the results of the study, the concept of central locations, which dominates the theory of regional economic location, was identified. Its main postulates about the existence of central places within the boundaries of the economic space are highlighted, the distance to which determines the effectiveness of the location of objects of economic activity. The main provisions of the concept of defining local centers of the real estate market are formulated. An interpretation of the concept of the local center of the regional real estate market is proposed, which differs in that it does not rely on any specific elements of the economic space. The concept of determining the local prices of the regional real estate market is proposed, which consists in determining the concentration zones of homogeneous (reference in terms of characteristics) real estate objects with maximum cost indicators.

The transition to information modeling technologies is a logical and inevitable stage in the development of mankind. The computerization processes that occur in all fields of knowledge will inevitably grow into a new quality in quantitative terms. Information modeling technologies involve the development, filling and development of digital counterparts of existing and projected water supply systems, which should cover their entire life cycle, starting with the conception, design, construction, operation and disposal. Digital doubles are not only graphical visualization and representation of an object in the form of 3D models, but also modeling of the modes of operation of an object and its response to changing external conditions. In water supply systems, these are models of the distribution of flows and movement of water in pressure pipelines in static and dynamic operating modes. It should be noted that the transition to digital models makes it possible to significantly increase the number of analyzed variants of the projected water supply system and to consider in detail all possible stages of their life cycle. In this regard, the criterion of the cost of the system lifecycle is effective. However, the application of this criterion requires certain studies and evaluation of the results obtained, especially when solving circuit-structural and circuit-parametric optimization problems, since these tasks provide the greatest economic effect.

This work is a study of existing methods of accumulation, systematization and processing of big data in the Russian housing industry with the possibility of using them to improve the efficiency of energy resources. Energy management in buildings is a major challenge due to high energy consumption. The task is to efficiently use energy resources in residential buildings. The purpose of the study is to identify best practices, innovative solutions and relevant case studies that can contribute to more efficient energy consumption management in the Russian housing sector. The problems, advantages and limitations of the methods studied in the article are taken into account. A modern basis for improving the quality and development of digitalization in the country's housing and communal services was used on the basis of the All-Russian Industrial Association of Life Support Employers. Recommendations are given, such as the development of innovative technologies for data collection and analysis, the development of models and forecasting methods, and the study of various factors affecting energy efficiency and resource management in the housing sector. Attention should be paid to the training of personnel with appropriate competencies to use their knowledge and skills in the field of housing and communal services.

The present study is devoted to the issue of comparative assessment of bending resistance of ordinary (fine-grained) and dispersed reinforced concrete. The weak extensibility of concrete causes low crack resistance, which is a determining factor in the limited durability of concrete and reinforced concrete structures operated in adverse conditions. The paper presents the results of experimental studies that make it possible to analyze the structural properties of fiber-reinforced concrete with different levels of their volumetric reinforcement with polypropylene fibers. Experimental test data in the loading mode with a constant deformation rate of 0.05 mm/s are presented. The prototypes were tested for four-point bending at the Instron test facility with automatic recording of deflections in the middle of the span, deformations of the stretched fiber, and the construction of load-deflection and stress-strain diagrams. The technical feasibility of using polypropylene fibers as reinforcing elements in volumes that ensure the compatibility of their deformation with the concrete matrix has been determined. The conducted experimental study made it possible to establish qualitative (in terms of structure) and statistical changes in the deformation of fibrocrete, which significantly increase its ability to perceive tensile deformations.

Given the growing prices of cement as the main component of cement concrete mixtures, alternative construction materials suitable for use in the construction industry and road construction, in particular, become relevant. The main factors determining the durability of products in road construction include their ability to resist the effects of aggressive salt solutions and frost. Sulfur concrete demonstrates these properties; however, its extensive studies in the Russian Federation are yet lacking. Sulfur accumulates as a by-product of gas and oil plants, being used in the production of fertilizers for the agricultural sector and sulfuric acid for industry. A part of the produced sulfur may be used in other industries. Sulfur as a binding component of building material mixtures exhibits a number of unique properties suitable for use in construction. Thus, the melting temperature easily achievable in road-building production and low dynamic viscosity of molten sulfur allow products to be obtained from sulfur concrete mixtures in asphaltconcrete plants and in asphalt kochers for production of cast asphalt-concrete mixtures. Domestic stone materials can be used as sulfur concrete aggregates, which provides the necessary cost-effectiveness compared to the use of products from cement concrete and natural stone.

The article discusses the results of the analysis of design documentation for construction, developed using information modeling technologies. The main purpose of the study is to study the effectiveness and prospects of applying the digital information model in the construction industry. In the course of the work, the specifics of the design documentation created using the digital information model, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this type of design were analyzed. The research results allow us to conclude that information modeling technologies make a significant contribution to the design and construction process. The analysis of digital information models, as well as the design documentation created on their basis, makes it possible to identify the features of the model structure, the quality of information and the level of detail. The article discusses the possibility of integrating models and artificial intelligence, as well as the expected results of such cooperation for the construction industry. The design data obtained as a result of the analysis can be useful both for specialists in the field of construction, design, maintenance, and for specialists involved in the development of BIM technologies and their implementation in practice. Information modeling technologies provide significant advantages in the construction industry, providing more effective interaction between participants in the construction process, improved planning and project control. This helps to improve the quality of project documentation, construction and installation work and commissioning, reduce risks, comply with the budget and construction deadlines.

The article discusses BIM technology, which provides the opportunity to create detailed digital counterparts of buildings in order to conduct virtual rounds, identify collisions and optimize the layout at the design stage. The article explores the application of BIM in occupational safety and health management on construction sites. The advantages of BIM in identifying and minimizing risks, optimizing work planning and coordination, and improving labor productivity are analyzed. The article also provides an overview of international experience in the use of BIM and analyzes the factors influencing its successful implementation. It is determined that BIM identifies potential hazards at the early stages of the project and, in this regard, measures can be developed to prevent them. BIM models provide detailed visualization of the project in order to improve planning and coordination between the various participants in the construction process. Thanks to BIM, resources can be used efficiently and downtime minimized. Implementation requires the training of specialists who have the skills to work with BIM software and an understanding of the principles of information modeling. It is concluded that BIM has significant potential for improving the safety and efficiency of construction processes. For the successful implementation of BIM, it is necessary to solve a number of problems, develop a regulatory framework, as well as train personnel and create the appropriate infrastructure.

Insufficient attention is paid to the development of an automated calculation of foundation precipitation. The purpose of the work is to develop a tool for automated calculation and sketch of building foundation loads. The foundation of the building is the main supporting element of the structure, the stability of the building depends on the correctness of the calculation of the precipitation of the foundation. There was a need to develop automated calculations of foundation sediment and stress plots, which would reduce the risks associated with the human factor. The program was developed in accordance with the code of rules of SP 22.13330.2016. It is written for the AutoCAD design package, but it will also work on nanoCAD. The algorithm is compiled using the Pencil program. Currently, some results have been achieved using SCAD OFFICE shells and BIM technologies, but specialized programs are not enough. The development of a program for calculating the foundation sediment by the method of layerby-layer summation for the natural foundation of the building has been implemented. The algorithms, main functions and arguments used in the program are given. A simulation of the program's operation with soil parameters typical of the Perm Region was carried out. The results of the calculation of the program will allow us to estimate the total precipitation of the foundation, determine the lower limit of compressibility of the stratum and visually familiarize ourselves with the sketch of stress plots in the ground.

The objects of the study are engineering structures for the protection of roads and railways, including bridge crossings located on the shores of the seas, from erosion caused by sea storm waves. Using the example of one of the most vulnerable sections of the Tuapse-Adler section of the North Caucasus Railway from the point of view of sea waves, traditional engineering protection structures were examined – an artificial wave-extinguishing strip with beach-retaining structures (sea booms) and a breakwater wall. The description of the operating conditions of hydraulic structures affecting their reliability is given. The characteristics of coastal protection options for the safety of railway operation are presented. When carrying out the research, materials from field surveys and field work carried out by the authors over a long period of time were used using mathematical and physical (hydraulic) modeling methods. Based on the results of the study, scenarios for the most likely and most severe accidents at offshore coastal protection structures protecting transport facilities have been developed. Consequently, in the scenario of the most severe accident at a hydraulic engineering facility, emergencies can reach a regional nature, and in the scenario of the most likely accident - a local nature. The proposed accident scenarios can be used to determine the value of the accident risk when assessing the likely damage that may be caused as a result of an accident of the considered engineering protection structures.

The construction industry is one of the key sectors in the development of the Russian economy. In this regard, many Russian companies are trying to actively introduce modern information technology developments into their activities. To do this, each organization needs to develop a strategy for rational data management. The purpose of this work is to review modern data management methods for an information model of a hydraulic engineering facility under capital construction at the design stage using the example of a tailings storage facility. A modern method of data management is to create a unified information model of an object under construction. In turn, the information model transmits the current state of this object in real time. Various software products are used to create an information model. The article considers the design of alluvial type tailings dams from several corridors, including the creation of a pioneer enclosing dam and landslide dams. All hydraulic structures are divided into two groups, namely civil and industrial. A tailings dump belongs to industrial hydraulic structures. The most convenient and easy-to-understand software product, namely AutoCAD Civil 3D, was selected for the design of the hydraulic structure. The stages of creating an information model include laying the route of the axis of the crest of the dam, building the longitudinal profile of the dams, creating a cross-sectional structure of the dam, creating corridors of dams. As a result, a three-dimensional information model of the tailings storage facility was obtained.

This paper investigates approaches to mitigating staff shortage in maintenance of real estate properties of the urban economy. The role of the institute for vocational guidance of citizens is considered. Reasons for staff shortage on the labor market are discussed, including in the fields of the severely afflicted professions, including qualified workers, middle-ranking workers, and high university degree specialists corresponding to the present stage of economic development. The statement about the prestige of professions in the sphere of housing and communal services is proved to be unreasonable. The multidisciplinary nature of such an activity as derived from the use of buildings is discussed. The methods of vocational guidance to children, pupils, students, and adults as one of the priority areas of state policy are characterized. Best practices of vocational guidance, i.e., federal and regional projects and events contributing to the elimination of current staff shortage of workers in maintenance of real estate properties of the urban economy, are presented. In this paper, the authors set tasks for the professional community concerning prospects for the upcoming development of vocational guidance taking into account the technological, global, and social challenges.

This paper discusses the expert evaluation of a reconstruction project for the heat supply system in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation. The past decade has seen significant changes in volumes and structure of heat consumption, which resulted in overloading of one of the main heat pipelines and its inability to provide all the respective heat supply stations with the required amount of heat. In order to normalize heat supply to the city and improve reliability, a decision was taken on reconstructing the heat supply system providing connections between the main heating systems. When reconstructing heat supply systems, i.e., changing network topology, equipment configuration, and consumer loads stipulated by a project, the development and organization of new operating modes and adjustment measures taking into account new operating conditions are required. Difficulties in the development of operating modes requires the use of information-computer technologies. The project expertise and organization of operating modes of heat networks were carried out using information computing complex “ANGARA-HS” developed in the Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. To carry out calculations, a previously developed multi-level computer model was used taking into account changes in the structure of heat networks, connection of a new pumping station, and prospective loads. The research was carried out within the state order (№ FWEU-2021-0002, registration no. № АААА-А21-121012090012-1) of the Fundamental research program of Russian Federation for 2021–2030 years.

The construction industry, like many other sectors of the national economy, is undergoing a transition to digitalization and digital transformation using artificial intelligence. This issue has emerged most acutely in recent years. In modern construction, there are many different factors that can affect the cost of a project, ranging from the choice of materials to the complexity of the design. Traditional methods of cost determination include manual calculations and the use of standard price estimates, but these methods do not always provide high accuracy and require a lot of time and resources. The use of artificial intelligence in determining the cost in construction can significantly simplify and speed up the process. The relevance of this topic is the digitalization of construction sites and the use of artificial intelligence, which is able to take into account changes in the source data and analyze the relationship between various project parameters, which makes it possible to predict costs for future periods. In recent years, sufficient attention has been paid to artificial intelligence issues in terms of the development and application of virtual algorithms in projects, which makes it possible to optimize construction processes at all stages of the life cycle, including quality and safety monitoring.

A generalized approach to organization of sites for solid municipal waste management is proposed. The choice of such a site requires an interdisciplinary research approach to the design of the area to be developed. Our main research methods included: an analysis of urban morphology for finding solutions for real estate development; a spatial analysis for combinability of approaches and techniques in terms of geography; a simulation method for simulating connections between functional subsystems; a factor productivity analysis when evaluating a systematic approach to defining an optimal organization of an area for solid municipal waste management; a hierarchy analysis for constructing a hierarchical structure of criteria and factors influencing decision-making. This work highlighted required branch regulations on requirements for environment preservation, urban development, and determination of the legal status of areas for constructing solid municipal waste management facilities. When studying these regulations, four groups of factors influencing the design and construction of solid municipal waste management facility were determined, i.e., transport accessibility, ecological quality, infrastructure provision, and urban attractiveness. Principles of evaluating each of this group were presented. The integrated index of the area value was calculated. Based on the hierarchy analysis, a model of multi-factor analysis of organization of sites for solid municipal waste management is presented.

The article considers the relevance of the formation of a modern tourist center in Severodvinsk to ensure sustainable economic growth of the city, the development of a comfortable urban environment, as well as the disclosure of the recreational potential of the White Sea coast for local residents and tourists. The purpose of this work is to determine the features of the formation of a tourist center on the territory of Yagry Island, which has advantages for the development of recreational functions. The research methodology consists in consistently conducting an analysis in the following areas: a comprehensive analysis of the island's buildings. Research in the structure of Severodvinsk, analysis of domestic and foreign experience in designing tourist centers aimed at solving such problems, analysis of existing scientific research on the peculiarities of Arctic architecture. As a result of the study, the most favorable location of the tourist center in the coastal part of the island was determined. Yagry, the functional program of the complex and the principles of its formation, taking into account the location in the natural environment, as well as the conditions of construction and operation of facilities in the territories belonging to the Far North. According to the conclusions of the study, the choice of functions of the tourist complex is determined by its location and importance for the city. The complex on Yagry Island should be multifunctional and, in addition to tourism, include leisure and cultural functions aimed at residents of the city. The research methodology is used in the design of multifunctional tourist centers in other northern cities.