Analysing the models of state regulation revealed the total variability of governmental intervention in the economic life of society. The heterogeneity of the results associated with identical economic policies applied to different countries and historical stages is noted. The work aims to demonstrate the comparative advantages and disadvantages of different models of the state regulation of economy. The article examines and analyses various approaches to state regulation of economic activity; the views of leading scientists on this issue were studied. It was established that selecting a model is substantiated by the state of social and economic development, the mentality of the population, as well as many other factors, and can vary from extreme deregulation of various industries to the state monopoly on producing all types of products. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish optimal directions in implementing the policy of state regulation of the economy based on the compilation of individual theoretical models since the differences between some of them have become conditional.

The road network of the Irkutsk region comprises over 12 000 km. Most roads run near villages, nature reserves and national parks; nevertheless, intermediate road surfacing is used. Therefore, road materials, including dust control, are subject to stringent requirements. The objective of the work is to study the environmental impact of dusting processes on highways with an intermediate road surfacing, as well as to solve the problem of scuffing of these roads on the territory of the Irkutsk region using local materials. For this, on the territory of the Zhigalovsky district in the Irkutsk region, the processing of highways with the intermediate road surfacing and their subsequent operation during the warm dry season were examined. In the course of the study, the composition and environmental impact of the brine solution of natural origin produced on the territory of the Znamensky deposit in the Zhigalovsky district, the Irkutsk region, was compared to other materials used for dust control of motorways. A conclusion was made on the environmental safety of natural brine and its efficiency in dust control on road surfaces.

In the present work, improving the objectivity, reliability and validity of waste generation standards in the repair and refurbishment field is discussed due to their importance in ensuring envi-ronmental safety during construction, reconstruction, capital and running repairs and facility maintenance. The study is based on logical and analytical research methods. Regulatory and procedural guidelines on rationing industrial waste generation were summarised and classified in industries, economic sectors and economic activity. It was shown that the information background on waste generation and disposal limits comprises outdated standards adopted in the 1970s – early 1990s. In the past decades, given the profound changes in the repair and refurbishment technology, equipment and methods due to scientific and technical development, these standards have become an unreliable estimate of waste generation and flow. Here, the measures are proposed to remedy the issues with environmental regulation of waste generation. The obtained results indicate the need for a unified system of developing relative waste generation rates categorized by industry and cross-industry economic activity, as well as adopting nationally recognized organisational, management and legal decisions.

The study aims to evaluate the reliability of supplying water to consumers, given the seasonal variability in water consumption and the rate of emergencies in water distribution systems. It was shown that the reliability indexes associated with the operation of the water transmission and distribution network (WTD) exhibit distinctive characteristics in the summer and winter periods. To ensure an uninterrupted water supply to consumers, it is necessary to address the seasonal availability and probability of a reliable water supply (Kj, Rj) and to achieve optimal conditions for WTD functioning in each investigated period of its operation. The statistical analysis of data on water consumption in the previous operation periods and the assessment of accidents on the WTD allow the functioning of the subsequent periods of their operation to be forecasted and modelled. On the example of the water supply system of the Irkutsk-II microdistrict (Irkutsk), the reliability of WTD was studied under various operating modes based on the developed methodology for assessing the operational reliability, electronic models and software. We also studied the influence of emergency rate in the WTD (in quantitative and chronological order) on the water consumption depending on the season, year and territorial distribution in the network. This example proves the influence of the above factors on the reliability of water supply to consumers. Based on the research results, it is recommended that operating entities monitor the change in the specified reliability indicators during the seasons of the year. This, in turn, will allow the operability and regime controllability of the system to be assessed and the efficiency to be improved by optimising the WTD development and reconstruction.

In the present work, we compare the calculation results by the classical Antoine Chézy formula and refined Prodous - Shlychkov formula. Unlike the classical formula for the hydraulic calculation of gravity drainage networks introduced in 1769, the new formula includes the thickness of an actual deposit layer in pipe water troughs. Using the A. Chézy formula for the hydraulic calculation of new pipes made of different materials provides sufficient practical accuracy; however, no studies have been performed for pipes with deposits in the water troughs. The Chézy formula is characterized by the denominator having the reduced pipe diameter, which takes into account the effect of the thickness h associated with a sediment layer. To compare the precision of the two formulas, a practical problem should be solved. For that, a specific example is necessary to compare the calculation results  of  hydraulic  slope  i,  obtained  using  the  classical  Chézy  formula  and  refined  Prodous - Shlychkov formula. Analysis of the values of pipe characteristics indicates that the presence of a deposit layer h = 0.1 m in the water troughs leads to an increase in the gravity flow rate from V_n = 0.88 m/s to V_pr = 2.0 m/s (2.27 times) and the hydraulic slope from i_n = 0.00282 m/m to i_pr = 0.02527 m/m (8.96 times). Therefore, introducing the dpr  value to the formula allows more accurate results in the hydraulic calculation of the hydraulic slope i_pr  to be obtained for pipes with deposits in their water troughs. An example of hydraulic calculation for pipes with deposits and the dependency graph of the hydraulic slope as a function of the actual flow rate are provided. The obtained values are summarised in a table with pipe characteristics depending on different gravity flow rates. It is recommended to introduce the refined A. Chézy formula to the normative standard RR 32.13330.2012.

In this work, the formula for forecasting the continued operation of gravity drainage networks with deposits in pipe water troughs is deduced and refined. In the authors' opinion, such a forecast should be based on the hydraulic principle for assessing the efficiency of a network operation, as the most accurate. To this end, the concept associated with the efficiency of gravity drainage networks was introduced, and a criterion for its assessment was proposed. In the study, the characteristics of hydraulic potential for concrete pipes with a diameter of 400 mm were calculated as an example. An empirical formula was proposed for determining the efficiency factor of the gravity drainage network, and its deviation range was shown. It was concluded that the expert prognosis of continued operation of gravity drainage networks should be based on the efficiency factor of the network, calculated using the obtained formula. It is recommended that a method for calculating an efficiency factor describing gravity drainage networks and special tables for the hydraulic calculation of pipes having a sediment layer of different thicknesses be elaborated. The data presented in the article allow servicing of gravity drainage network to be improved by forecasting its continued operation using the efficiency factor К_ef.

Reducing the consumption of cement in the production of concrete mixtures has been a topical issue in the construction industry. The study aims to optimise the structure of concrete stone by selecting the particle size distribution of the components to nanoscale values. Such microfillers include silica fume, metakaolin, ashes, nanographite/graphene, etc. Thus, producing additives of complex action having a plasticising ability, as well as containing finely dispersed fillers forming binding material, is promising. Expandable graphite was dispersed in an aqueous medium and subjected to ultrasonic treatment using an ultrasonic bath with an 80 W generator. The particle size distribution in the graphite-containing suspension was studied using a laser diffraction particle analyser FritschNanoTeс with a wet dispersion system (measuring range of 0.01 to 2100 μm). Microscopic examination was carried out using a scanning electron microscope TESCAN Mira 3 with a magnification range of up to 1,000,000 times. In the present work, the physical-mechanical properties of heavy-weight concrete containing modified oxidised expandable graphite were investigated. The results of microscopy and particle size distribution analysis of the graphite-containing suspension are presented. The research indicates the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment of a graphite-containing suspension and its effect on the strength characteristics of concrete. The presented results demonstrate the potential of ultrasonic treatment for additional disintegration of graphite particles in a graphite-containing suspension improving the physical and mechanical characteristics of a concrete stone by adding this suspension to its composition.

Presently, developing and improving low-material, energy- and resource-intense technologies for manufacturing concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures have become a topical issue in the construction industry. Therefore, centrifugation technology is promising. In the present work, we assess the dependence of the variatropic efficiency factors of centrifuged concrete on the grain size composition and volumetric content of coarse dense and coarse porous fillers, respectively. Ten samples having an annular cross-section were manufactured and tested. Based on the test results of centrifuged concrete samples with various combinations of the grain size composition and volumetric content of coarse dense and coarse porous fillers, respectively, the actual values of its integral and differential strength and deformation characteristics were determined. The structural and stress-strain variatropic efficiency were calculated and analysed. The optimal grain size composition and volumetric content of the coarse dense and coarse porous fillers, respectively, were determined and allowed centrifuged concrete with an enhanced variatropy and optimum variatropic efficiency coefficient to be obtained.

The present work provides an experimental assessment and proves the possibility of reducing wastewater flow rates in water treatment systems, as well as storm and household sewage, to volumes allowing their inland transportation, which would help avoid environmental pollution and costs associated with building drainage networks. The paper describes major environmental problems that often arise while establishing water supply and drainage systems at new facilities under construction, remote from drainage networks. New reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane technologies are considered that ensure high-quality purification of both drinkable and process water and wastewater treatment, allowing the latter to be reused for technical purposes. The main advantage of new technologies comprises a significant reduction in water consumption for the balance-of-plant needs, which allows discharges to sewers to be avoided. The study provides process diagrams and experiments demonstrating the possibilities of reducing the volume of concentrates. Technologies for residential building sites are proposed, offering a possibility of designing autonomous systems of water supply and discharge (runoffs and sediments) by vehicles. Furthermore, the volume of wastewater is less than 0.5% of that of water consumed for drinking needs. The described approach to designing water supply and wastewater treatment systems can be used for developing waterworks systems at facilities remote from water supply and sewerage networks, as well as reservoirs where treated wastewater can be discharged. Wastewater purified by reverse osmosis can be used for feeding the recycling water supply network (equipment cooling) and green spaces irrigation.

The present work presents a topological analysis of Irkutsk, studying its city structure, identifying ways of improving the social efficiency of urban functional zoning and proposals for its spatial development. In order to determine the urban development controlled by an architect, as well as the available resources, the data on the sociology of architecture and the structure of architectural space were collected and analysed. The emergent properties of the axial map for the transport network were evaluated using the tools of spatial syntax. In order to determine trends in urban development, a comparative analysis of city integration maps in 1940 and 2021 was performed. It was concluded that functional areas with the most users are concentrated in the historical centre; however, the integration centre expanded over time and reached former suburbs. Daily labour migrations confirm the social inefficiency of this situation. The identified emergent properties allowed the axial spaces to be classified into streets in the foreground and palisade. The plans for spatial development published on the web page of the city administration were analysed for compliance with the integration map. As a result, forming the subcentres with high function concentration in the area of the city integration centre, having the Irkutsk subcentre in the Zhilkino microdistrict, was proposed. The research showed that the development concept adopted in the city fails to meet the integration resources.

The present paper examines the problems of coastal areas within the Irkutsk agglomeration and discusses the changes that occurred in the studied territories over time. The study is based on a comprehensive approach to the urban planning analysis of coastal areas under agglomeration. In particular, the analysis of urban planning documentation, legal basis and geoinformation databases was carried out. In the study, the following aspects are highlighted: determining the characteristics of the River  Angara  basin;  studying  the  changes  in  the  investigated  coastal  area  over  history  (prerevolutionary period (late 17th century - 1917), Soviet period (1917–1991), post-Soviet period (1991 - early 21st century)); characterising the current state of the studied coastal area within the Irkutsk agglomeration, in particular, transport network, functional zoning, natural resource potential (landscapes and vegetation), environmental risks (harmful effects of water and vegetation contamination) and socio-economic potential; identifying the problems of the investigated coastal areas based on the performed analysis (transport, planning, environmental and socio-economic aspects). It can be concluded that the absence of a general strategy for developing the region resulted in the identified issues associated with the coastal area.

In the present work, we discuss reasons and solutions for the insufficient inclusion of sustainable construction standards in Russia as a factor in intensifying innovation-driven growth of regions and the entire country. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the current level of innovative development, as well as the degree of implementation of environmental projects in the construction industry. It was found that "green" technologies are yet to be implemented in domestic practices. One major reason comprises undeveloped environmental certification standards, which was confirmed by comparing domestic and foreign practices using mathematical methods. The main directions for solving the identified problems include increasing state interest in implementing environmental projects, forming necessary staffing and resource support for transforming the construction industry as a condition for enhancing the innovation activity in regions and justifying the efficiency of "green" construction. The implementation of the above approaches will improve environmental construction in the country, at the same time as creating favourable conditions for its innovative development.

The present work discusses dynamics in the architectural and urban planning of the urban environment for identifying and preserving the most significant visually acceptable architectural ensembles and panoramic views of Irkutsk. Visual landscape and cartographic analysis by specific indicators were used as the main research methods. The article reflects the predevelopment analysis devoted to collecting initial information for the student's project entitled "Reconstruction of the quarter in the historical part of the city". The work was performed by fourth-year students studying "Urban planning" in two stages at different urban planning levels. Stage 1 included the analysis of visually acceptable views and panoramas of the urban environment at the city level. In stage 2, the existing development at the quarter level was carried out. A retrospective analysis of the urban environment is represented in the form of graphic models reflecting the current state of visual acceptance and the lost fragments of architectural ensembles in the centre of Irkutsk. The conducted visual landscape analysis of historical and contemporary panoramas of the city revealed dissonances and conflicts in the visual acceptance of the main urban ensembles. The results of the rhythmometric analysis obtained for the development front in the quarter are represented as a model limiting the building height within the quarter. Such a model was developed to eliminate conflicts during reconstruction and establish urban patterns, including valuable urban planning heritage. The obtained results are relevant for studying the urban development of territories with historical and cultural potential and can be used in urban planning regulation of historical cities and areas with historical development.

The article is devoted to developing professional competencies among students studying 07.03.02 "Reconstruction and restoration of architectural heritage" during internships based at restoration workshops. Presently, the problems of reconstruction and restoration of stone and wooden architectural constructions are highly relevant, and specialists in this area are in demand in the labour market. Irkutsk is a historical city where monuments of architecture have survived. However, the historic buildings typical of the capital of Eastern Siberia are on the verge of extinction; therefore, it is necessary to preserve cultural heritage objects. The article discusses the concepts of competence and "skills approach", their role in training and implementing this approach. It is noted that the RF state educational standards are developed based on introducing a "skills approach" in assessing the quality of education. The article considers the internship for obtaining professional skills and professional experience that contribute to the professional competencies of future graduates of the "Reconstruction and restoration of architectural heritage" department. We analysed the stages of the internship and restoration project and described the methodology and application of restoration standards for preserving a cultural heritage object. The cultural and historical context of historical and bibliographic research was revealed; restoration methods necessary for reconstructing the original appearance of an architectural monument are considered. Particular attention is paid to the professional experience obtained as a result of the internship.

The present work aims to study the specificity of applying sociological methods in organising coastal areas. In the autumn of 2020, in the framework of this work, a sociological study of urban space perception by its inhabitants was carried out. The object of research comprises the territory of the Top Embankment of the Angara River in Irkutsk (Lisikha district) as an element of the urban environment, where groups and communities of Irkutsk citizens cohabit, having different visions of the same territory. Data acquisition was carried out using a questionnaire. People permanently residing on the territory of Irkutsk were selected as respondents. The survey showed that the state of the recreational space at the Top Embankment area of Irkutsk – the least developed part of the Angara river embankment – is low rated by residents. As a basic concept of territory development, citizens prefer a stepwise space transformation that includes zones for pedestrians and cyclists. Furthermore, landscape gardening, building sport zones and facilities increasing the recognition of the territory attract district residents. Thus, the study allowed the citizen preferences to be identified to design a reconstruction project of the Top Embankment territory at the Angara river in the Lisikha district of Irkutsk. Urban design that considers the opinion of citizens is a modern trend, which meets the challenges of the time and reflects the concepts and principles of urban planning nowadays.

This work examines current connections between a city and a park and provides a model for an efficient city park. In the course of research, scientific sources and materials related to the history of park development were studied; the objects of research were classified in generally accepted urban, architectural and space-planning and volume-spatial levels. City parks are a complex form of green space intended for various purposes, such as recreation, entertainment and contemplation of the beauty of nature. A model of an efficient city park was built based on the revealed connections between a city and a park, inlcuding recreational, environmental, economic, aesthetic and legal. It was confirmed that a park should exhibit its style and individuality. The development of city parks is a continuous process, resulting in new city parks being designed and built and the old ones transformed and renewed. The transformation of old parks is a key development process occurring in the urban park system, ensuring its healthy and sustainable development. An integral part of modern cities, parks address various challenges imposed by rapid urbanisation. Parks are essential not only in satysfying the population’s growing need in recreation, but also in improving the local ecological environment. It is recommended to increase recreational and service facilities in the parks since they are beneficial for the public space.

To identify architectural-artistic characteristics and potential of a place, as well as to regulate the appearance and typological integrity of street elements, we analyse the current site development of the Gorkii central street, spread along the coastline of the Listvyanka work settlement. The reseach relied on the methods of architectural surveying of the existing buildings and design, which, among other things, includes structuring the space following specific functional and compositional-artistic principles. These principles were established by an educational and design analysis of the street and included the hands-on systematisation of morphotypes, existing spatial elements, as well as surveys and photo fixation of building facades forming the panorama of central street development in the Listvyanka work settlement. The paper proposes a system view of the space planning decision of Gorkii Street, including its improvement as a public space. The functional-compositional principles and methods for fulfilling the tourist potential of a coastal street in Listvyanka are also discussed. The main compositional components are determined. The solutions for creating a compositionally integral street following the already established development are proposed. Particular attention is paid to structuring the space and forming an integral architectural and artistic appearance of the street. This study allowed the recommendations for improving the settlement to be formulated that were presented to the administration of the Listvyanska municipal formation.