Currently, construction companies in Russia are increasingly facing a lack of a high-quality human resources (HR). Many such companies apply the principles of conventional management. This approach hinders innovation and reduces employees’ motivation, which factors eventually decrease the cost-effectiveness of enterprises. Conversely, innovative management implies the maximum involvement of employees in the work process, a feeling of self-esteem and attention from managers. In this work, an analysis of conventional and interactive management is conducted to determine the most effective approach to HR management. An SNW-analysis of a construction company was carried out to reveal the dependence between the stable functioning of an enterprise and the strengths and weaknesses of HR policy. In addition, the methods of logical analysis were used. The analysis and strategy of work organisation by using interactive management. Interactive management provides each employee with an opportunity to realise their potential in profession and career. It can be concluded that both the intellectual and emotional recognition of employees is an important component in building an effective enterprise strategy. Such cooperation contributes to the improvement of the domestic climate in the enterprise, which has a beneficial effect on the production and standards in real estate management.

In this work, we develop laboratory techniques for evaluating service properties of flexible polymer hoses. The main parameters limiting the application of flexible polymer hoses are lowtemperature flexibility and kink resistance at positive temperatures. To study the flexibility of hoses at low temperatures, a setup measuring deformability of a hose under cantilever loading was built. Cooling of hoses was carried out in a special refrigerating chamber. A standard three-point loading configuration was used to measure the hose kink resistance on an Instron 5980 testing machine. The measurements were performed at a temperature of 20°C. Flexibility measurements performed on polymer hoses at negative temperatures showed that hoses from plasticised PVC remain flexible at –30°C. Kink resistance depends on the pitch of spiral reinforcement and the wall thickness of the hose. Thus, two laboratory procedures for measuring the flexibility and kink resistance of PVC hoses were tested. It was shown that these techniques are capable of predicting the service temperature range and physical and mechanical characteristics of commercial polymer flexible hoses. 

The study aims to substantiate the application of concrete spraying technologies, which allow the soil and mines during the mining operation to be strengthened and underground spaces to be repurposed for further use (e.g., sports facilities and cultural heritage sites, as implemented in some European countries). The advantages and disadvantages of concrete spraying technologies are considered. Following the need for sprayed concrete to meet high operational requirements, the authors offer sprayed concrete compositions with increased physical and mechanical properties. The properties of the mixtures are optimised by adding microfillers with hydraulic activity. In experimental work, concrete strength development of sprayed concrete samples with setting agents of various origins (A1 and A2 aluminates based and B1 and B2 nonalkaline accelerators) was investigated. It was determined that nonalkaline setting agents are more efficient than those based on aluminates. This can be explained by the higher activity of these setting accelerators in the structure formation of cement brick and the formation of new growth that promote cement hydration in large volumes. The high-efficiency cooperation of setting agents and microfiller allows the composition of sprayed concrete to be selected, taking into account any rock pressure values for medium-stable soil and medium section mine roadway.

Today, steel fibre is one of the most promising components used to produce fibre reinforced concrete. To improve the mechanical properties of heavyweight steel fibre reinforced concrete, the influence of recipe factors, namely the percentage of fibre reinforcement and the fibre length, on these properties was studied. 18 series of reference samples of a standard size were manufactured and tested: 27 cubes with dimensions of 100x100x100 mm for compression tests and 27 prisms with dimensions of 100x100x400 mm for bending under tension test. We calculated mechanical strength characteristics depending on the recipe factor. The calculations were performed using a numerical experimental design (full factorial experiment 2k). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the utilisation of steel fibre with a fibre length of 30 mm or the percentage of three-dimensional reinforcement of 1.5% is the most effective.

A homegrown innovation of thermo-mechanically treated high-tensile reinforced steel (AT1200 class, 30HGS2 and 30HS2 types) increases the efficiency of prestressed reinforced concrete in the construction industry. This paper analyses the deformability of prestressed flexural reinforced concrete elements with the AT1200 reinforcement steel. To study the characteristics of the stress-strain behaviour in flexural elements with the AT1200 reinforcement steel, rectangularsectioned, conventional and prestressed reinforced concrete beam elements were tested . Reference deflection of the test elements, which was used as a deformability criterion, was recorded by mechanical and strain-gauge measuring equipment. This work is part of a comprehensive study on AT1200 steel and constructional steelworks. The findings of experimental and theoretical studies are presented, addressing the effect of prestressing on the deformability in flexural reinforced concrete elements. The obtained results indicate that prestress, if applied correctly, significantly increases the stiffness (reduces the deformability) of the flexural elements. The methodology of current standards is based on a general structural theory and includes both flexural and shear strain characteristics of structures in the section over their length. The possibility of extending the method to assess deflections of the prestressed flexural elements with the studied AT1200 steel is substantiated. Empirical dependencies obtained for the л coefficient are recommended for affecting the deformability and cracking resistance of flexural elements comprising prestressed AT1200 steel and initial preoperational prestressing cracks (deflection cracks in the zone, pressed during operation).

The study aims to improve methods for assessing the serviceability of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures based on an integral estimation of their reliability following the operational monitoring of individual parameters. The serviceability criteria of the investigated structures are set on a probabilistic basis, addressing the main methodology for their field tests according to GOST 8829-94. The proposed non-destructive testing of output is computerised and is carried out every shift together with the versatility of technological factors. The calculation results on the reliability assessment program are a basis for the acceptance of a batch according to the required strength, stiffness, cracking resistance. To develop a probabilistic algorithm for assessing the reliability of works, an optimal calculation model accurately describing stress-strain behaviour (SSB) under loading is necessary. It is strated that a calculation based on design standards and a model with account non-linear nature of deformation occurring in reinforced concrete as elastoplastic material can be used. The reliability and adequacy of the selected models were confirmed by comparing the theoretical data with the results of work field tests performed at the Bratskzhelezobeton plant. As an example, a calculation model for the SSB assessment in load-bearing wall panels with applied combined stress (biaxial bending) was substantiated. A methodology and regulations for automated every-shift quality control of precast reinforced constructions were developed following the versatility of technological factors. Introducing the proposed quality control system to factories manufacturing reinforced concrete products allows the number of structure field tests to be reduced by 6-10 times and the cost of manufactured products by approximately 2.5%.

An experimental and analytical study into the impact of deformation history on the deformation response of conventional and fibre-reinforced concrete was conducted. Experiments included monotonic quasi-static and dynamic tests of two series of samples. Ultrasonic and gravimetric homogeneity control by mass was performed prior to mechanical tests. Prismatic reference samples were tested under uniform deformation velocity (0.004 mm/s) on an Instron 5989 complex with automatic recording of deformations, loadings, time and absorption energy. Deformations were measured in both directions at the total base using system (Instron) extensometers. The paper analyses the experimental results on the fatigue behaviour of conventional and polypropylene fibre-reinforced concrete subjected to two-stage cyclic stress with various amplitudes. Parameters of linear and bulk deformability were used as a characteristic under control for low-cyclic fatigue. The fatigue resistance of concrete and fibrereinforced concrete was assessed by comparing the corresponding characteristics of sample deformation under various modes of cyclic action. Relative similarities in the parameter dynamics of controlled low-cyclic fatigue show significant differences in quantitative values. It was established that the frequency and sequence of moderate (з ≤ R^нcrc) actions have a limited effect on fatigue resistance. The composite behaviour at high-level cyclic stress depends on the deformation history.

The study aims to establish scientific-methodological approaches to a comprehensive assessment and monitoring of waste-generating processes and engineering facilities of municipal engineering and public services in communal, construction, transport complexes to reduce their negative impact on the environment and public health, expand the separate waste collection, recycling of the waste resource potential. The study is based on the application of a set of logical and analytical research methods. We reviewed and generalised publications on the problems associated with safe handling of the waste resource constituent in the construction and municipal complex, inventory checking and monitoring sources of waste generation. Our research results in the field of identification of wastegenerating processes are presented. A new methodology for the comprehensive assessment and monitoring of waste-generating processes and engineering facilities in transport, construction and municipal engineering is proposed. The fundamental difference of this technique from the known documents is the focus on the resource potential of hazardous waste, its useful properties desirable in the economic cycle, their movement and circulation. The results indicate that a single integrated system is required to identify and monitor waste generation in technological processes, engineering systems, facilities of complex municipal engineering entities, separate waste collection and processing into salvageable commodities. These measures will ensure environmental security, favourable living conditions in populated areas and preservation of valuable natural resources.

The paper discusses the questions of urban development of the Baikal-Angarsk settlement system. The following research tasks were formulated: to identify the characteristics of urban planning in the Baikal-Angarsk settlement system with the allocation of structural elements; to determine the development of environmentally sustainable land management; to identify the milestones of spatial development – the supporting nodes of settlement. These tasks could be solved by overcoming the contradiction between the reliance on the spatial development of the Baikal region with a rich natural-resource potential and the geographic “reduction” of urban development to one point on the map – Irkutsk. The research methodology was based on the concept of environmentally sustainable settlement proposed by Academician V.V. Vladimirov, the idea of environmentally oriented urban planning by professor A.G. Bolshakov, as well as the central place theory by W. Kristalller. As a result, the characteristics of the urban planning framework under investigation were revealed, formed by a combination of three frameworks: economic, transport and communication, terrain and environment. In each of these frameworks, axes are distinguished, whose intersection explains the formation of settlement nodes, typological characteristics associated with these nodes and the extent of the influence area for each of them. The selected structural elements of the settlement system are planning areas formed around the supporting nodes. The paper formulates recommendations for the urban development of supporting nodes according to their economic and geographic location, the rich natural-resource and production potentials of the Baikal region within the framework of a new environmental technology order (the sixth in order). A general model of the settlement system, characteristic of the entire southern Siberia, was developed. For the Baikal-Angara settlement area, this model assumes an impact point onto the supporting nodes, which will cause significant changes in the entire settlement system.

The study aims to perform an introductory historical insight into the architecture of the Roman Catholic churches in Vienna to follow the style evolution and form making during the change of epochs, particularly in the 20th century, and to reveal how architects interacted with their customers – churchmen. This article is an introduction to a series of articles revealing and illustrating the diversity of modern architecture in seemingly conservative and canon-bound religious architecture. We carried out field studies and photo fixation of over a hundred historical and modern churches in Vienna and overviewed scientific literature in this field, mainly authored by Austrian architects and art historians. We reviewed the main historical events that affected Vienna and the religious denominations in its territory. They led to significant changes in church architecture in terms of city development plans, architectural composition and form making, design of the exterior and interior, hence a great variety of visual patterns and new architectural identities. It was determined how and why modernism and its movements were reflected in Vienna sacral architecture. The study unveils how the relationship between church, society, art and architecture was built. It can be concluded that the Catholic Church in the modern era responds to social phenomena and, as a customer, considers the opinion of Glebova N.M., Klamer M. Evolution and modernism of church architecture in Vienna distinguished Austrian architects. As a result, sacred architecture flexibly alters its form to suit social needs.

Research in the field of digital technologies in the context of an open relationship with the enveloping society has attracted significant attention. An exploratory study into creating and developing a parametric online model of urban planning documentation is presented. It includes a general urban plan, rules for land use and development, area planning with the possibility to assess the impact of new site development on life in the city and the structure of the urban environment. The research technique included an analysis of the existing methods for introducing new technologies to urban planning and urban studies, which allowed extensive analytical data on the use of the territory and the major technical and economic performance of site development to be obtained. An assessment of existing materials in the city information modelling and the possibility of introducing innovations in urban planning is addressed. We determined the major problems of existing programmes and documents regulating relations between developers and people participating in the city life and creating the urban environment. The research findings include the theory of establishing a platform to regulate the development and related algorithms that utilise parameters embedded in the online model to forecast alternative organisation of a city in terms of urban planning documentation. The relevance of the parametric online model for urban planning documentation lies in its versatility. The transparency of all processes related to establishing an urban environment will provide a new background for designers, management structures and the city as a whole.

The aim was to apply the target model of the Integrated Area Development Standard for the existing housing sector. The study was performed on the lot of the Yubileyny microdistrict of Irkutsk within the 22nd session of the International Baikal winter university of urban planning design. The research included an analysis of the territory using GIS tools, as well as field research and a series of interviews with representatives of different groups of residents. In addition, we developed a strategy for territorial transformation. The target model of the Integrated Area Development Standard was selected. Based on the research results, the applicability of the target model was proved for the established territory in the housing sector. The proposed method of territorial regeneration provides residents of the microdistrict with safer and more comfortable housing, as well as promotes vitality in urban space, hence stopping its degradation. However, essential conditions need to be elaborated and ensured to implement the strategy. It can be concluded that applying the tools of the Integrated  Area Development Standard is appropriate when establishing strategies for the modernisation of both white land and built-up urban areas. At the same time, the measures proposed in the project can also be recommended for renovating the areas with mass prefabricated housing in other Russian cities.

The article is devoted to handling transparent silicate glass by glass fusing and preserving the graphic concept of the design project in the material. The study aims to obtain a collection of creative artworks in the material on the "Portrait" topic, ready for exposition. Since the training took place in a remote form, a material replacement technique was used to perform the artwork. This pedagogical method helps make a task achievable by applying a simpler solution; e.g., silicate glass was used instead of clay, terracotta or industrial porcelain. Background research in the field of a portrait, an assessment of work with nature, samples prepared in silicate glass comprise the stages on the way from a linear drawing to a material. The design part of the project is based on a graphical approach. Working with silicate glass is based on the hot-cold work, namely, sintering or fusing. The incorporation of metal elements in the body of the sintered panel picture was performed experimentally. For an image in material, we used equipment of ceramics workshops, including an electric marble furnace. Photographic material supports the step-by-step method. This research resulted not only in a collection of student artworks ready for exhibition on the "Portrait" topic but also in the proprietary method of graphic work with silicate glass. The obtained artworks took part in an international student exhibiting competitions in 2021. Professional exhibitions should be the result of the development of students works in the long term. In conclusion, a number of proposals are made on the further use of silicate glass for creative educational work in the field of design.

The paper examines a scenario for developing the housing sector using the Integrated Area Development Standard on the example of the Novo-Lenino district in Irkutsk. Most of the housing stock in the area comprises prefabricated housing of 1-335 series in critical condition and potentially life threatening. When applying an empiric method, the objectives were identified, and solutions were found that allow a strategy and methodology for managing a massive housing area to be developed. At first sight, the 1-335 series residential buildings look like ordinary prefabricated housing that has lasted for 50 years and will serve as much again. However, apart from the obsolescence, in half a century, the buildings have accumulated technical problems with load-bearing structures, facades (destruction of exterior panels because of atmospheric action) and civil engineering infrastructure. However, the most critical situation has arisen because these buildings do not meet the current requirements for seismic resistance; for Irkutsk, this factor amounts to 7–9 points. A number of problems related to the continued operation of such housing have arisen, which need to be addressed. One solution to this situation is a strategy for regenerating the housing sector. Replacing seismically unsuitable residential buildings with new housing estate will help create a comfortable space for living with modern architectural concepts. Legal arrangements need to be developed to ensure the feasibility of regeneration projects.

The aim was to develop an architectural concept of an ecovillage in the Chelyabinsk region, which meets the requirements of ecologization of the living environment. The concept is described at the 3 levels: the general layout, architectural structure and operation. A multifaceted approach was used to examine the background information, including regulatory documentation. A comparative analysis of the existing settlements and architectural structures approved for implementation was conducted. Technologies of energy-efficient architecture, urban and spatial planning, alternative energy sources were used. Foreign modern settlements and their domestic equivalents, as well as energyefficient low-rise residential apartment buildings, were considered. The city-planning conditions of the design area, its planning constraints and climate references were described. A project proposal for the developed architectural concept of an ecovillage includes urban planning site surveys, as well as an architectural planning and engineering development of detached and multi-apartment residential buildings that meet the requirements of energy performance and environmental friendliness. The location of a local wind power plant was determined based on an assessment of the wind availability of windpowered generators using the methods of computational fluid dynamics. Thus, the study  demonstrates the applicability of the research findings in the development of an architectural concept of an ecovillage in the Chelyabinsk region in light of international best practice in ecological architecture design.

The aim was to analyse the architectural concept of neoclassicism, formed by the evening and night illumination in Chelyabinsk. The use of light compositions imparts artistic expression to the forms of architecture according to the requirements of ecologisation of the living environment. The knowledge in composition theory is combined with various fields of scientific knowledge, including a study of regulatory documentation and an analysis of existing architectural structures and those implemented based on a new ideology of form-making using modern technologies. This work studies domestic and foreign sources on the characteristics of tectonics, which is manifected in a new interpretation of architectural structures and allowing new visualisation. We analysed the architectural-tectonic light systems formed in the city. A review of the existing concepts in architectural lighting is presented, which provides complete identification and artistic comprehension of the uniqueness associated with urban heritage. The collected theoretical material was assessed, and possible application of the research results was identified for developing the light master plan of Chelyabinsk following the international best practice in designing the architectural and light environment of a megapolis.