Technological entrepreneurship is a fundamental driver of the structural transformation of the economy and ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation in the context of Industry 4.0. Successful commercialization of innovations is directly determined by the quality and targeting of government financial instruments, which necessitates a comprehensive assessment of the current system of support measures. The empirical base consists of data from the State Industrial Information System Navigator of Support Measures, official reports of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Rosstat, the Innovation Assistance Fund (2019-2022) and regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation. Typological, comparative geographical methods and content analysis of documents were applied to systematize tools, assess the spatial distribution of budget resources and formalize the criteria for selecting recipients. A multi-level model of measures has been developed, covering seed grants, cost subsidies, tax preferences, preferential loans and patent grants. An acute geographical polarization has been confirmed – about 89% of the financing of technoparks is accumulated in four leading regions. Content analysis revealed excessive selective filters (mandatory status of small and medium-sized enterprises, patents, revenue threshold of 100 million rubles, 20-50% co-financing requirement), generating a structural paradox of government support targeting mature enterprises to the detriment of startups. The current architecture for supporting technological entrepreneurship is characterized by institutional maturity, but it is offset by spatial inequality, high transaction costs, and complex navigation. The transformation of the system into a massive innovation driver requires reducing access barriers at seed stages, diversifying regional venture capital, and integrating disparate programs into a single digital circuit to prevent the technological backlog of peripheral territories from being preserved.

The paper considers the project "Corporate reforestation based on blockchain technologies" as a tool to increase the efficiency, transparency and investment attractiveness of reforestation activities. The relevance of the study is justified by insufficient scientific study of the use of distributed registries in forestry, as well as the need to attract private capital to fulfill the tasks of the federal project "Forest Conservation" and the national project "Environmental Well-being". Practical examples are analyzed, such as the foreign Web3Eco case (tokenization of rights to income from paulownia cultivation) and a domestic pilot project in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (monitoring deforestation using drones and blockchain). The specifics of the Irkutsk region as a key timber industry region with high environmental risks and strict requirements for tenants are shown. Data on the reforestation activities of large companies (Irkutsk Oil Company, Verkhnechonskneftegaz, Decom) are presented, confirming the transformation of reforestation into a market filter. The architecture of the blockchain platform has been developed, which includes functional modules (seedling accounting, growth monitoring, certificate management, and participant interaction). A business model based on Canvas methodology is presented value propositions for different segments, channels of interaction, sources of income (carbon credits, certificates, ecotourism, BaaS), key resources and partners, cost structure. An analysis of risks (technological, economic, environmental, social, legislative, personnel) was carried out with the proposal of response strategies (mitigation, transfer, acceptance). Recommendations are given on reducing costs (drone rentals, cloud solutions, energy-efficient PoS/DPoS consensuses, solar panels) and increasing revenue (tokenization of carbon credits, ecotourism, sponsorship, training).

The purpose of this work is to adapt the methodology for assessing housing affordability to the structural shift in favor of individual housing construction in the regions. The article analyzes the dynamics of the housing sector in the Irkutsk region in 2020-2025, where a significant increase in housing starts has not led to a proportional increase in its accessibility to the population. The main research methods were statistical analysis, segmental decomposition and mathematical modeling, which made it possible to integrate indicators for various types of buildings. The paper proposes a methodology for calculating the modified housing affordability coefficient and the modified housing affordability index, taking into account the weight shares of individual housing construction and apartment buildings in the total input. The results of the study showed that the use of standard metrics without taking into account the cost of land and the cost of engineering infrastructure distorts the real picture of accessibility in the sector of individual housing construction. The verification confirmed that the proposed toolkit provides a more accurate assessment and methodological transparency. The findings indicate the need to switch to dual assessment systems that take into account regional specifics and the structure of supply, which will allow the authorities to more effectively manage housing policy and increase the real availability of housing for households.

The article discusses the costs of construction companies for the development of human capital during the transition to information modeling technologies. The focus is on HR solutions, through which companies form the digital competencies of employees, as well as ways to assess the outcome of such expenses. The purpose of the study is to clarify which HR practices and educational formats are used in construction and according to which indicators training can be considered as an investment. The material for the analysis included works on the theory of human capital, publications on the digitalization of construction, regulatory documents and industry materials. The four most significant training forms are identified: internal training, collaboration with educational organizations, digital platforms, and mentoring in project teams. To assess the impact, indicators related to employee coverage, confirmation of competencies, changes in error correction costs, the duration of the project cycle, and the calculation of training ROI are proposed. The conclusion is that staff development should not be considered separately from the project economy, but in relation to the financial and operational performance of the construction company.

The cultivation of cereals and oilseeds is one of the most promising areas of activity of farms in connection with the export opportunities for the sale of products. In the absence of storage facilities, the farm loses part of the profit due to the inability to sell products within an economically feasible time frame. Manufacturing plants offer farmers various options for prefabricated grain warehouses with metal load-bearing and enclosing structures costing up to 24 thousand rubles per square meter of the building. The economic method of building such structures, with a frame made of rolled profiles with welding elements and enclosing structures made of profiled sheets, will significantly reduce one-time costs. The purpose of the study provided an analytical substantiation of economical construction parameters of grain warehouses of building manufacture. The design schemes of warehouse structures with steel frame and rack-and-beam frames proposed by manufacturers are considered and the most rational option with minimal consumption of steel on the supporting frame of the building is substantiated. Taking into account the provisions of building regulations for the design of grain storage warehouses, a dependence was proposed to determine the optimal spatial planning parameters of a building depending on its area and the angle of inclination of the roof slope. The dependence of the steel consumption on the purlins of the coating as a function of the load and the pitch of the frame frames was derived. The possible cost savings on the frame of a grain warehouse of building manufacture in relation to similar structures of factory supply are shown: according to calculations, the unit costs should be reduced by three times.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation and implementation of capital repair plans for the common property of apartment buildings in the Irkutsk region, as a key stage in the life cycle of the housing stock. The article examines and groups the factors that cause defects in residential buildings, as well as describes the forms of their reproduction, which are aimed at eliminating these defects. An assessment of the quality of the initial information used in the formation of the program of capital repairs of common property in apartment buildings in the Irkutsk region is given, using the example of the city of Irkutsk. In particular, the analysis of groups of residential buildings included in different stages of the program was carried out according to their age and the amount of physical wear. The issue of determining the wear of residential buildings at the stage of program formation is considered, it is established that the definition of wear was performed incorrectly, and the reasons that led to this result are described. The process of drawing up plans for major repairs of apartment buildings is characterized, including the changes that occurred in this process during the duration of the program. Recommendations have been formulated to optimize the process of forming capital repair plans for residential buildings, including taking into account the effectiveness of investments in capital repairs, which will improve the quality of its repro duction.

The key features of the production and application of pipe-concrete structures as one of the most promising areas of modern construction are considered. Based on the generalization of domestic practice, as well as the experience of foreign application of such structures in the construction of large span bridges and high-rise buildings, the essence of pipe concrete is revealed, its constructive advantages in comparison with traditional reinforced concrete and metal solutions are described, which include increased load-bearing capacity, improved compression performance, high fire resistance and reduced material consumption. It is noted that the growing interest in tube-concrete elements is related to the need to increase the load-bearing capacity, technological efficiency and sustainability of construction facilities, especially in high-rise and infrastructure construction. The paper also analyzes the current regulatory framework, including Russian and international standards governing the design and operation of pipe-concrete structures. The lack of elaboration of these issues is emphasized, and the directions of their actualization are shown. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that there is significant potential in the field of further implementation of pipe-concrete systems in construction practice. The prospects of this area are shown, such as the improvement of manufacturing technologies, the creation of a single specialized regulatory document fully covering the specifics of the calculation and design of pipe-concrete elements, the introduction of automated design methods based on numerical calculations. One of the key studies in this field is also the analysis of the impact of seismic effects on pipe-concrete structures.

The purpose of this work is to identify methodological gaps in the regulatory framework and substantiate the directions of its improvement to ensure the possibility of mass implementation of the technology of floor coverings using high-profile flooring ST200-840. The relevance of systematization of regulatory requirements increases with the volume of the overlap segment of 7.6 thousand tons and the projected growth to 9 thousand tons by 2030. A set of methods was used, including a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign regulatory documents, marketing analysis of data from the consulting group "Tekart" for 2022-2024. and systematization of the results, highlighting the regulatory area of each document and the identified methodological limitations. It was found that the current documents regulate mainly the design aspects or general requirements for construction, not covering the technological operations of installation, reinforcement, sealing and concreting for sheets with a corrugation height of 200 mm; the absence of consolidated standards of labor costs and requirements for integration with BIM technologies was revealed. Comparison with foreign standards has shown a higher degree of structurality of European and North American regulatory documents. The formation of a comprehensive regulatory and methodological framework with the adaptation of foreign experience will create the basis for the mass adoption of technology and ensure the reproducibility of organizational and technological solutions in various segments of construction.

The purpose of this work is to develop an integrated contract management system for the life cycle of a thermal power plant using key performance indicators. For this purpose, the article considers the interaction of the parties involved in managing the contracts of the life cycle of a thermal power plant. Studies of electric energy consumption and annual growth rates were also conducted, and projects of power plants operating and planned for construction, expansion, reconstruction, and commissioning of generating equipment in the period up to 2029 were analyzed. As a result, the author proposed the architecture of the integrated system and described its main structural elements applicable to thermal power plant projects. These include corporate information systems that provide data collection and processing, specialized functional modules for contract management, key technological components of the infrastructure, and an estimated economic effect confirming the profitability of implementation. A special contribution is the development of a group of efficiency indicators for managing the heat and power center. This system includes indicators for assessing the level of reliability and reliability of energy supply to consumers; indicators for monitoring and assessing the physical condition and degree of depreciation of fixed assets; metrics for analyzing the competitiveness of an enterprise in the electricity markets; indicators that determine its long-term competitive advantages; indicators for assessing overall operational and managerial efficiency of functioning; as well as strict financial indicators to assess the financial stability, solvency and investment attractiveness of the thermal power plant.

Air conditioning systems are one of the main consumers of electric energy during the warmer months. Therefore, energy-saving technologies, such as the use of natural cold, are becoming increasingly relevant all over the world. Snow is a source of cold that can be accumulated and stored until the warmer months. To do this, the snow is transported to specially prepared sites, a snow embankment is formed and thermal insulation works are carried out with various materials with the required characteristics. When designing snow storage facilities, one of the main technical criteria is the density of snow and its change during the entire storage period. The snow laid in the embankment differs in its structure from natural snowdrifts. Therefore, in order to further develop the project of a seasonal accumulator of natural cold in the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk airport, an experiment was conducted to store snow until the warm season. The purpose of this article is to study the dependence of bulk snow density on storage time. Ten snow mounds of different sizes and different types of thermal insulation coatings were constructed for the experiment. Sawdust and vermiculite gravel were used as the main thermal insulation material. The snow density during the experiment ranged from 475 to 678 kg/m3 and exceeded the natural density of untouched snow by 1.5–2 times. In the designs of thermal insulation coatings considered, sawdust showed greater efficiency than vermiculite gravel. Experimental data allowed us to deduce the dependence of snow density on time for three months of storage. The resulting model makes it possible to calculate the density of a snowbank for up to seven months of storage.

The purpose of this work is to develop and test an approach to assessing the uncertainty of measuring the sand size modulus based on identifying significant sources of uncertainty to ensure the reliability of quality control results and compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. The research is aimed at developing an effective methodology for estimating uncertainty, which is necessary to improve the accuracy and reliability of control measures. To achieve this goal, an approach was applied in accordance with GOST 34100.3-2017/ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008. It included identifying potential sources of uncertainty in the process of determining the sand size modulus, and classifying them into random and systematic ones. To quantify the significance of these sources, a variance analysis based on a planned experiment was used. The dispersion analysis allowed us to establish that the most significant source of uncertainty is the heterogeneity of the material, which explains 96.3% of the total dispersion of the results of determining the sand size modulus. The human factor is also statistically significant, but its contribution is significantly less. The equipment used did not have a statistically significant effect on the variance of the results. The obtained results are illustrated using statistical histograms. The study showed the significant role of sand heterogeneity as the main source of uncertainty of type A. To reduce the total uncertainty, it is necessary to manage the "Material" factor by deeply studying the characteristics of sand that cause variability and, taking this into account, the introduction of a quality control system for incoming sand shipments.

Life cycle management of construction facilities at the operational stage requires a reasonable choice of organizational and technical solutions aimed at restoring operational reliability of structures, extending their service life and rational use of resources. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of composite reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures as a tool for managing the technical condition of construction facilities. The study was performed by comparative testing of concrete base samples of class B25 without reinforcement and with external reinforcement with carbon fiber alloy SikaWrap® 530 C(VP), fixed with epoxy compound Sikadur®-300. The effectiveness of reinforcement was assessed according to a set of criteria: maximum and destructive loads, limiting deformations, duration of fracture resistance and energy parameters of deformation. It has been found that carbon fiber reinforcement increases the maximum bearing capacity of the elements by 2.7 times, the maximum deformations by about 3 times, the duration of fracture resistance by 6.35 times, and the energy parameters of internal resistance by about 7 times. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using external carbon fiber reinforcement in the development of solutions for the repair, restoration and modernization of reinforced concrete structures. The experimental data can be used to assess the effectiveness, quality, and reliability of reinforcement options, as well as to support organizational and technical decision-making when forming programs for the operation, overhaul, and life cycle extension of construction facilities.

This work is devoted to the study of the methodological foundations of risk management for the destruction of non-rigid road clothing on highways of the road network. The authors noted that timely identification of the risk of road surface destruction at various stages of highway operation can serve as an important component of the subsystem for monitoring the condition of the road and road infrastructure, which is part of urban intellectual transport systems. The main provisions of the article include the justification of the levels characterizing the risks of destruction of road surfaces, and the corresponding parameters of the transport and operational condition characterizing the conditions of each of these levels. In particular, for the first time, the relationship between the residual resource of road clothes and the degree of risk of their destruction has been established. This achievement opens up new opportunities for improving the efficiency of diagnosing the condition of highways and optimizing approaches to risk management. Thus, this work represents an important contribution to the development of the theory and practice of road infrastructure management, contributing to improving the safety and durability of highways. It lays the foundation for the introduction of innovative monitoring technologies and decision support in the field of transport system management.

Climatic conditions are one of the most important factors in the implementation of design and road construction works, as well as in the further operation of highways. Proper design, taking into account climatic features, can significantly increase the service life of road clothing and coatings, as well as reduce the cost of its maintenance. It is necessary to take into account not only the current climatic conditions, but also the projected climate changes when planning the construction of new roads. These are such climatic parameters as the temperature regime of the region; precipitation and humidity; the intensity of solar radiation; cyclical freezing-thawing; frost-crushing destruction due to the expansion of water during freezing; thermal cracking of materials; cyclic destruction during alternating freezing and thawing; weakening of the soil during the spring thaw. Waterlogging of the soil of the roadbed is directly related to a decrease in the level of safety during the operation of the entire road structure, as the strength of the pavement decreases significantly and the stability of the slopes of embankments and pits is disrupted. Climatic conditions significantly affect the process of humidification, depending on the amount and nature of precipitation, temperature regime and amplitude of fluctuations, duration of the frost period, thickness of snow cover, depth of soil freezing. This article describes the deformations and destruction of the federal highway R-297 Amur caused by the above factors and suggests measures to eliminate them and ensure the required transport and operational qualities.

Possessing a huge natural and recreational resource and the potential of authentic landscapes, the maximum level of development and at the same time the presence of degrading environments, coastal territories play an essential role in the life of the city, the development of the environment and its identification, serve as the basis for shaping the image of the city, stimulate an increase in its sustainability and investment attractiveness, which determines the relevance of the work. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach focused on optimizing the environmental situation, recreating and preserving historical and cultural landscapes and the identity of the place, integrating coastal territories into the existing urban structure, responding to changing living conditions of the city and demands for environmental quality. Experimental design is part of this approach. The purpose of the study is to study the features of the formation of coastal territories as an actual discourse of city development and are source for the formation of its identity, culminating in the creation of pilot projects for the modernization of three coastal territories of the city. Irkutsk with different archetypes of the environment, using different scenarios and forms of working with the place, its image (as a new public space that shows the eidos of the place and serves as part of the Irkutsk image, as an iconic territory of the city and a branded river facade, as a way of gentrification and revitalization of a degrading area through the creation of a creative cluster and the introduction of ideologies containers and found object art).

In the Volga region, where large architectural and civil engineering universities are concentrated, the problem of optimizing the spatial planning solutions of campuses in the future of their development is particularly acute. The conducted research is based on the hypothesis that the development of a modern spatial planning model for the development of specialized campuses in the Volga region will help solve a number of pressing problems, taking into account both global educational trends and local socio-cultural factors influencing the formation of design thinking of future architects. The methodology of this study consists in the systematization of research material in the field of university campus architecture, foreign and domestic literature, graphoanalytic comparison of campuses, a full-scale survey of the architecture of Russian university campuses through photofixation, and verification of research results through their public presentation and experimental design. As a result, a comprehensive analysis of the campuses of architectural and civil engineering universities of the Volga region was carried out, which made it possible to identify the types of their spatial organization: urban dispersed, urban local, rural (suburban) local and locally dispersed, "mixed". The current trends in the formation of campuses are investigated, and the differences between Russian universities and their foreign counterparts are determined. The characteristic problems of domestic campuses have been identified, such as the lack of compositional and artistic unity, imperfection of architectural and planning solutions, insufficient organization of public spaces and connections between buildings. A new model for organizing the campuses of Volga region universities has been developed, eliminating these disadvantages and taking into account the advantages of the universities studied. A strategy for modernizing campuses is proposed, designed to improve the quality of the educational environment and meet current design standards.

The article is devoted to the classification, architectural, planning and urban planning features of aerospace museums. The study contributes to the study of existing architectural, planning and urban planning solutions of aerospace museums, as well as touches on the topic of trends in their further development. Based on the analysis of scientific papers, literature on the topic of museum classification, foreign and domestic experience in designing aerospace museums, the authors determine the place of aerospace museums in the system of general classification of museums, due to its incompleteness, they propose an additional division of aerospace museums into specialized subgroups: cosmonautics museums, aviation museums, rocket museums technology, complex aerospace museums; by the nature of the exposition, static, interactive and mixed; by the scale and volume of the collection, large and local. Based on the variability of internal spaces, depending on the nature of the exposition, location, place in the classification of museums and functional zoning, the authors propose to divide aerospace museums into the following main types of placement: museum space and museum complex; and the following main types according to the type of organization of exhibition spaces: open-air, pavilion, pavilion dispersed, atrium, communal and mixed. Analyzing the main options for the placement of aerospace museums, the authors came to the following typology of placement: urban zone, suburban zone, on the basis of specialized sites, on the basis of memorial sites.

The problem of harmonious integration of modern buildings into the historical context of large cities (megacities) it remains relevant. One of the identified reasons for the dissonance between new buildings and the historically established environment is the spatial and functional fragmentation of the urban fabric due to the nonlinear orientation within the blocks. A citizen, coming from the street deep into the block, has difficulty navigating the architectural environment. Disorientation occurs as a result of the discrepancy between the morphotypic characteristics of the building and its functional purpose, combined with the lack of a clearly defined organization of pedestrian traffic within the blocks. The spatial organization of buildings and their adjacent territories is characterized by an insufficiently accurate reflection of their functional purpose. There is a lack of clear differentiation of zones, which leads to spontaneous alternation of different types of spaces on the routes of movement. There are cases when public squares, having no defined boundaries, turn into courtyard territories. Offices can have entrances through residential areas, and the courtyards of apartment buildings communicate seamlessly with boulevards. Conflict zones arise on the borders of morphotypes with heterogeneous functional content. Transitional intervals between morphotypes within neighborhoods act as sources of systemic dysfunctions in the life support of an urbanized environment. In this regard, the achievement of the integrity of the architectural solution is formulated as a problem of optimizing the spatial configuration of the mobility processes of the city.